Cardiology - Runge 1E

Author: Marshall S. Runge, MD, PhD and Magnus E. Ohman, MD

ISBN: 9781929007059

Introduction

Coronary Heart Disease

7: Chronic Coronary Artery Diseas… (pages 74-83, 6 images)

Page 75: Chronic Stable Angina
Page 76: Types and Degrees of Coronary Atherosclerotic Narrowing or Occlusion
Page 76: Pain of Myocardial Ischemia
Page 78: Hypercholesterolemic Xanthomatosis
Page 79: Testing to Detect Myocardial Ischemia
Page 81: Cardiac Risk Factors

8: Acute Coronary Syndromes (pages 84-92, 4 images)

Page 85: Atherogenesis: Unstable Plaque Formation
Page 86: Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction
Page 88: Acute Coronary Syndromes
Page 90: Acute Coronary Syndromes

9: Acute Myocardial Infarction (pages 93-102, 5 images)

Page 95: Manifestations of Myocardial Infarction
Page 96: Localization of Anterior and Posterior Infarcts
Page 99: Acute Coronary Intervention
Page 100: Acute Myocardial Infarction and Recanalization of Left Anterior Descending Artery
Page 101: ACC$ndash;AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

10: Percutaneous Coronary Interven… (pages 103-111, 5 images)

Page 104: Volume of Open Heart and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Procedures In North Carolina 1986&Ndash;2000
Page 105: Vascular Access
Page 106: Performance of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Stent Deployment
Page 109: Rotational Atherectomy
Page 110: Example of a Distal Protection Device

11: Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (pages 112-119, 2 images)

Page 115: Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (OPCABG)
Page 117: Remote Closed Chest CPB Surgery-Robot Surgery

Myocardial Diseases and Cardiomyopathy

12: Dilated Cardiomyopathy (pages 120-127, 4 images)

Page 123: Hypertension and Cardiomyopathy
Page 124: Cardiac Remodeling Secondary to Volume Overload
Page 126: Right-sided Heart Failure in a Patient With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Page 127: Dilated Cardiomyopathy After Myocardial Infarction

13: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (pages 128-134, 3 images)

Page 129: Heart Disease in Hypertension
Page 130: Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
Page 132: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

14: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (pages 135-150, 5 images)

Page 136: Idiopathic and Infiltrative Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Page 138: Endomyocardial Causes of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Page 141: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration
Page 142: Comparison of Normal and Pathologic Intracardiac Pressures
Page 146: Doppler Flow Studies: Comparison of Mitral and Pulmonary Vein Flow Velocities

15: Hereditary Cardiomyopathies (pages 151-158, 1 images)

Page 152: Interaction of Affected Proteins in DCM, HCM, and ARVC (Cardiac Muscle Cell)

16: Myocarditis (pages 159-166, 3 images)

Page 161: Septic Myocarditis
Page 162: Diptheric and Viral Myocarditis
Page 163: Myocarditis in Sarcoidosis and Scleroderma

17: Management of Heart Failure (pages 167-174, 1 images)

Page 169: Left-Sided Heart Failure and Pulmonary Congestion

18: Cardiac Transplantation (pages 175-183, 2 images)

Page 177: Technique of Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation II
Page 179: Technique of Orthotopic Biatrial Cardiac Transplantation

Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

19: Atrial Fibrillation (pages 184-255, 3 images)

Page 185: Atrial Fibrillation
Page 188: Complications of Atrial Fibrillation
Page 192: Surgical Management

20: Ventricular Tachycardia (pages 196-204, 3 images)

Page 197: Ventricular Tachycardia
Page 199: Management of Ventricular Tachycardia
Page 200: Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

21: Bradyarrhythmias (pages 205-213, 6 images)

Page 206: Sinus Bradycardia
Page 207: Supraventricular Rhythms
Page 208: Atrioventricular Conduction Variations
Page 209: Atrioventricular Conduction Variations
Page 211: AV Block
Page 212: Sinus Arrest and Sinus Block

22: Cardiac Syncope (pages 214-220, 2 images)

Page 218: Cardiac Syncope: Four-Step Decision Stratech
Page 219: Syncope: Four-Step Management Approach

23: Sudden Cardiac Death (pages 221-229, 2 images)

Page 222: Sudden Cardiac Death
Page 225: Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)

24: Medical Treatment of Tachyarrh… (pages 230-237, 6 images)

Page 232: Conducting System of Heart
Page 233: Origin Sites of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Page 234: Pre-excitation syndrome
Page 235: Atrial Flutter
Page 235: Ventricular Tachycardia
Page 236: Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

25: Radiofrequency Catheter Ablati… (pages 238-246, 4 images)

Page 239: Models of the Mechanisms of Supraventricular and Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Page 241: Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia
Page 242: Accessory Pathways and the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Page 244: Atrial flutter, Atrial Tachycardia, and Atrial Fibrillation

26: Cardiac Pacemakers and Defibri… (pages 247-255, 2 images)

Page 251: Implantable Cardiac Pacemaker (Dual-Chamber Cardiac Pacing)
Page 252: Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (Dual-Chamber Leads)

Valvular Heart Disease

27: Aortic Stenosis (pages 256-264, 5 images)

Page 257: Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract
Page 258: Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Causes of Aortic Stenosis
Page 260: Aortic Stenosis
Page 262: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Page 263: Echocardiogram/Doppler Study in Aortic Stenosis

28: Aortic Insufficiency (pages 265-273, 4 images)

Page 266: Rheumatic Heart Disease: Aortic Insufficiency
Page 267: Syphilitic Heart Disease
Page 269: Manifestations of Aortic Insufficiency
Page 272: Hemodynamics and Heart Sounds In Patients With Acute and Chronic Severe Aortic Regurgitation

29: Mitral Valve Disease (pages 274-282, 5 images)

Page 275: Mitral Stenosis
Page 276: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Mitral Stenosis
Page 277: Mitral Regurgitation
Page 278: Pathophysiology and Clinical Aspects of Mitral Regurgitation
Page 281: Bacterial Endocarditis in Mitral Valvular Disease

30: Mitral Valve Prolapse (pages 283-289, 2 images)

Page 285: Auscultation in Mitral Valve Prolapse
Page 286: Mitral Valve Prolapse

31: Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valve … (pages 290-295, 3 images)

Page 291: Tricuspid Stenosis and/or Insufficiency
Page 292: Right Atrial Enlargement
Page 294: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia

32: Infective Endocarditis (pages 296-307, 5 images)

Page 297: Bacterial Endocarditis
Page 298: Common Portals of Bacterial Entry in Bacterial Endocarditis
Page 299: Bacterial Endocarditis
Page 301: Bacterial Endocarditis: Cardiac Sequelae
Page 302: Bacterial Endocarditis: Remote Embolic Effects

33: Percutaneous Balloon Valvotomy (pages 308-323, 5 images)

Page 309: Pulmonary Stenosis
Page 310: Pulmonary Balloon Valvuloplasty
Page 313: Effect of Valvuloplasty on Aortic Valve Area
Page 314: Aortic Balloon Valvuloplasty
Page 318: Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty

34: Surgical Treatment for Valvula… (pages 324-333, 4 images)

Page 325: First Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves
Page 327: Second Generation of Synthetic Prosthetic Valves and Biologic Valves
Page 328: Chordal Transfer, Sliding Annuloplasty, and Ring Annuloplasty
Page 330: Approaching the Mitral Valve Through the Interatrial Septum

Pericardial Diseases

35: Pericardial Disease: Clinical … (pages 334-345, 6 images)

Page 335: Pericardial Sac
Page 336: Diseases of Pericardium
Page 337: Diseases of Pericardium
Page 339: ECG of Patient with Pericardial Disease
Page 340: Diseases of Pericardium
Page 344: Cardiac Tamponade

36: Pericardial Disease: Diagnosis… (pages 346-361, 5 images)

Page 347: Normal Cardiac Blood Flow During Inspiration and Expiration
Page 350: Comparison of Normal and Pathologic Intracardiac Pressures
Page 351: Pericarditis
Page 352: Comparison of Blood Flow in Constrictive Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade
Page 353: Pressure-Volume Relationship of Pericardium

Vascular Diseases

37: Angiogenesis and Atheroscleros… (pages 362-366, 2 images)

Page 363: Mechanisms of Angiogenesis
Page 364: Mechanisms of Arteriogenesis and Development of Collateral Vessels

38: Diagnostic Techniques in Vascu… (pages 367-375, 4 images)

Page 369: Types of Arterial Noninvasive Tests
Page 370: Diagnostic Techniques in Vascular Disease
Page 371: Noninvasive Evaluation of Carotid Arteries
Page 373: Abnormal Captopril Renal Scan and Angiogram in a Patient with Renal Artery Stenosis

39: Hypertension (pages 376-385, 4 images)

Page 378: Factors Involved in the Control of Blood Pressure
Page 379: Myocardial Fibrosis
Page 380: Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure
Page 381: The Development of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) in Patients with Hypertension

40: Renal Artery Stenosis (pages 386-396, 8 images)

Page 387: Renal Artery Disease Causing Hypertension
Page 388: Renin-Angiotensin System
Page 390: Etiology of Hypertension
Page 391: Differential Renin/Aldosterone
Page 392: Aortorenal and Selective Renal Angiography (Transfemoral Approach)
Page 393: Renal Revascularization
Page 394: Transluminal Renal Angioplasty
Page 395: Percutaneous Revascularization of Stenotic Renal Arteries

41: Interventional Approaches to P… (pages 397-405, 4 images)

Page 398: Cerebrovascular Emboli Protection Devices
Page 400: Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease
Page 403: Interventional Approaches to Peripheral Arterial Disease
Page 404: Multiterritorial Disease

42: Surgery for Peripheral Vascula… (pages 406-417, 4 images)

Page 407: Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Embolism
Page 409: Surgical Management of Aortic Aneurysm
Page 412: Complications of Diabetic Vasculopathy and Neuropathy
Page 414: Surgical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease of Lower Extremity

Congenital Heart Disease

43: An Approach to Children with S… (pages 418-428, 8 images)

Page 419: Interrupted Aortic Arch Complex
Page 420: Transposition of Great Arteries
Page 421: Tetralogy of Fallot
Page 422: Innervation of Heart: Schema
Page 424: Pulmonary Vessel Complications of Left-to-Right Shunts
Page 426: Clinical Characteristics of Too Much Pulmonary Flow (Pulmonary Volume Overload)
Page 427: Anomalies of the Ventricular Septum
Page 428: Anomalies of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

44: Echocardiography in Congenital… (pages 429-442, 8 images)

Page 431: Atrial Septal Defect
Page 433: Ventricular Septal Defect
Page 434: Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Page 435: Coarctation of the Aorta
Page 437: Tetralogy of Fallot
Page 438: Pulmonary Atresia
Page 440: Hypoplastic Left Heart
Page 441: Truncus Arteriosus

45: Cardiac Catheter Interventions… (pages 443-455, 11 images)

Page 444: Transposition of Great Arteries
Page 445: Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis and Atresia
Page 446: Congenital Aortic Atresia
Page 447: Pulmonary Artery Stenosis
Page 448: Anatomic Features of Aortic Coarctation in Older Children and Neonates
Page 449: Coarctation of the Aorta
Page 450: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Page 451: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Page 452: Atrial Septal Defects
Page 453: Amplatzer Septal Occluder
Page 454: Anatomic Features of Perimembranous and Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects

46: Surgical Interventions for CHD (pages 456-466, 6 images)

Page 458: Transatrial Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect
Page 461: Norwood Correction of HLHS
Page 462: Norwood Correction of HLHS: Fontan Circulation
Page 463: tetralogy of Fallot
Page 464: Arterial Repair of Transposition of the Great Arteries
Page 465: Truncus Arteriosus

47: Arrhythmias in Congenital Hear… (pages 467-478, 8 images)

Page 468: Tetralogy of Fallot
Page 469: Tetralogy of Fallot
Page 470: Transposition of the Great Vessels
Page 471: Tricuspid Atresia
Page 472: Tricuspid Atresia
Page 473: Ebstein's Malformation
Page 474: Anomalies of the Tricuspid Valve Ebstein's Malformation
Page 477: Postoperative Complete Heart Block

48: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testi… (pages 479-483, 1 images)

Page 480: Exercise Tests

49: Kawasaki Disease (pages 484-490, 3 images)

Page 485: Pathogenesis and Clinical Course of Kawasaki Disease
Page 486: Clinical Features of Kawasaki Disease
Page 489: Cardiac Evaluation in Kawasaki Disease

50: Congenital Coronary Anomalies (pages 491-497, 2 images)

Page 492: Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies
Page 495: Surgical Procedures for Correction of Congenital Coronary Artery Anomalies

Systemic Diseases and the Heart

51: Cardiovascular Disease in Preg… (pages 498-506, 2 images)

Page 499: Cardiovascular Adaptations to Pregnancy
Page 504: Preeclampsia and Eclampsia

52: Aging and the Cardiovascular S… (pages 507-516, 3 images)

Page 510: Wave Reflection and Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Page 514: Endarterectomy for Extracranial of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis
Page 515: Age and PAD Distribution

53: Neuromuscular Diseases and the… (pages 517-527, 4 images)

Page 518: Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
Page 520: Myotonic Dystrophy
Page 522: Myopathies Related to Disorders of Potassium Metabolism
Page 525: Friedrich's Ataxia

54: Cardiovascular Manifestations … (pages 528-542, 6 images)

Page 529: Acromegaly
Page 532: Hyperthyroid Heart
Page 534: Myxedema Heart
Page 536: Cushing's Syndrome/Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
Page 538: Primary Hyperaldosteronism/Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
Page 540: Pheochromocytoma

55: Connective Tissue Diseases and… (pages 543-553, 4 images)

Page 545: Extra-articular Manifestations in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Page 548: Ankylosing Spondylitis
Page 549: Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
Page 550: Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (PSS; Scleroderma); Lung Involvement

56: Cardiac Tumors (pages 554-561, 3 images)

Page 556: Heart Tumors
Page 557: Echocardiographic Image of a Right Atrial Myxoma
Page 560: Metastatic Tumors of the Heart

57: Pulmonary Hypertension and Thr… (pages 562-572, 3 images)

Page 565: Deep Venous Thrombosis
Page 566: Massive Embolization
Page 568: Embolism of Lesser Degree Without Infarction

58: Substance Abuse and the Heart (pages 573-577, 1 images)

Page 574: Substance Abuse and the Heart

59: HIV and the Heart (pages 578-585, 1 images)

Page 579: Cardiac Manifestation of AIDS

Affecting Heart Disease - Future Directions

60: Cardiovascular Epidemiology (pages 586-593, 1 images)

Page 588: Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

61: Cardiovascular Disease in Wome… (pages 594-600, 2 images)

Page 595: Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Page 597: Cardiovascular Disease in Women and Special Populations

62: Genetics of Cardiovascular Dis… (pages 601-608, 3 images)

Page 602: Genetics in Cardiovascular Medicine
Page 604: Normal, Mutant, and Polymorphic Gene Expression
Page 605: Genetic and Environmental Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

63: Effects of Exercise on Cardiov… (pages 609-618, 3 images)

Page 610: Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health
Page 612: Secondary Prevention
Page 617: Exercise Training in Congestive Heart Failure

64: Lipid Abnormalities and Risk F… (pages 619-626, 3 images)

Page 621: Metabolic Syndrome
Page 623: Physical Findings
Page 624: Mechanism of Action of Lipid-Lowering Drugs

65: Cardiovascular Effects of Air … (pages 627-632, 1 images)

Page 0: Cardiovascular Effects of Air Pollutants