Netter's Gastroenterology

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• Page 3: Topographic Relations, Contours, and Normal Constrictions of the Esophagus
• Page 4: Topographic Relations, Contours, and Normal Constrictions of the Esophagus
• Page 7: Musculature of the Esophagus
• Page 8: Musculature of the Esophagus
• Page 11: Arterial Blood Supply of the Esophagus
• Page 13: Venous Drainage of the Esophagus
• Page 16: Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Innervation of the Esophagus
• Page 19: Intrinsic Innervation of the Alimentary Tract
• Page 22: Histology of the Esophagus
• Page 24: Gastroesophageal Junction
• Page 25: Gastroesophageal Junction
• Page 28: Deglutition
• Page 30: Deglutition
• Page 34: Neuroregulation of Deglutition
• Page 38: Congenital Anomalies
• Page 41: Shatzki Esophageal Ring Formation
• Page 43: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
• Page 45: Esophageal Spasm Syndromes
• Page 49: Achalasia (Cardiospasm or Achalasia Cardiae)
• Page 53: Diverticula
• Page 58: Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus
• Page 61: Caustic Injury of the Esophagus
• Page 64: Esophageal Rupture and Perforation
• Page 67: Varicosis
• Page 71: Esophageal Tests for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Page 77: Acute and Chronic Esophagitis
• Page 80: Esophageal Ulcers: Complications of Peptic Reflux (Esophagitis and Stricture)
• Page 83: Esophageal Stricture
• Page 86: Hiatal Hernias: Sliding and Paracardial
• Page 87: Hiatal Hernias: Sliding and Paracardial
• Page 92: Barrett Esophagus
• Page 96: Benign Neoplasms
• Page 99: Malignant Neoplasms: Upper and Middle Portions of the Esophagus
• Page 101: Malignant Tumors: Lower End of Esophagus

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• Page 107: Anatomy, Normal Variations, and Relations of Stomach
• Page 110: Anatomy and Relations of the Duodenum
• Page 113: Mucosa of the Stomach
• Page 116: Duodenal Bulb the Mucosal Surface of the Duodenum
• Page 119: Collateral Circulation of Upper Abdominal Organs
• Page 122: Lymphatic Drainage of the Stomach
• Page 125: Innervation of the Stomach and the Duodenum
• Page 128: Mechanisms of Gastric Secretion
• Page 131: Factors Influencing Gastric Activity
• Page 134: Digestive Activity of the Stomach
• Page 137: Gastric Analysis
• Page 140: Effects of Drugs on Gastric Function
• Page 143: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
• Page 146: Coated Tongue and Halitosis
• Page 149: Aerophagia and Eructation
• Page 152: Motility of the Stomach
• Page 155: Gastroparesis and Gastic Motility Disorders
• Page 159: Pyloric Obstruction and the Effects of Vomiting
• Page 162: Nausea and Vomiting
• Page 167: Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
• Page 169: Gastric Diverticula and Gastoduodenal Proplapse
• Page 171: Diverticula of the Duodenum
• Page 172: Diverticula of the Duodenum
• Page 178: Etiology and Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pyloriInfection
• Page 182: Gastritis
• Page 185: Subacute and Chronic Gastric Ulcers
• Page 189: Acute Gastric Ulcers
• Page 191: Duodenitis and Duodenal Ulcers
• Page 194: Complications of Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers
• Page 198: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• Page 201: Therapeutic Endoscopy
• Page 204: Benign Gastric Tumors
• Page 207: Gastric Lymphoma and MALT
• Page 210: Cancers of the Stomach
• Page 214: Tumors of Duodenum
• Page 216: Principles of Gastric Surgery
• Page 220: Postgastrectomy Complications: Partial Gastrectromy
• Page 223: Effects of Total Gastrectomy

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• Page 227: Anterolateral Abdominal Wall
• Page 230: Peritoneum
• Page 231: Peritoneum
• Page 234: Pelvic Fascia and Perineopelvic Spaces
• Page 238: Inguinal Canal
• Page 239: Inguinal Canal
• Page 242: Abdominal Regions and Planes
• Page 244: Abdominal Wall and Cavity: Congenital Abnormalities
• Page 246: Acute Abdomen
• Page 249: Alimentary Tract Obstruction
• Page 255: Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion
• Page 256: Blood Supply of the Abdomen: Arteries of Posterior Abdominal Wall
• Page 260: Acute Peritonitis
• Page 262: Chronic Peritonitis
• Page 264: Cancer of Peritoneum
• Page 267: Benign Paroxysmal Peritonitis or Familial Mediterranean Fever
• Page 270: Abdominal Wounds of the Small Intestine
• Page 273: Abdominal Wounds of the Colon
• Page 274: Abdominal Wounds of the Colon
• Page 277: Indirect and Direct Inguinal Hernias
• Page 278: Indirect and Direct Inguinal Hernias
• Page 283: Femoral Hernias
• Page 286: Abdominal Wall: Ventral Hernias
• Page 289: Lumbar, Obturator, Sciatic, and Perineal Hernias
• Page 292: Internal Hernias: Congenital Intraperitoneal Hernias

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• Page 295: Topography and Relations of the Small Intestine
• Page 297: Gross Structure of the Small Intestine
• Page 300: Microscopic Structure of the Small Intestine
• Page 302: Ileocecal Region
• Page 307: Blood Supply
• Page 309: Venous Drainage
• Page 311: Innervation of the Intestine
• Page 312: Innervation: Efferent and Afferent Pathways and Plexuses
• Page 316: Visceral Reflexes
• Page 319: Congenital Intestinal Abnormalities, Including Malrotation of the Colon With Volvulus of the Midgut
• Page 321: Meckel Diverticulum - Vitelline Duct Remnants
• Page 323: Motility and Dysmotility
• Page 326: Obstruction and Adynamic Ileus
• Page 333: Physiology of Gastroenteric Stomas
• Page 336: Intussusception of the Small Intestine
• Page 338: Irritable Bowel Syndrom (IBS)
• Page 342: Secretory, Digestive, and Absorptive Functions of Small Intestine
• Page 343: Secretory, Digestive, and Absorptive Functions of Small Intestine
• Page 346: Gastrointestinal Hormones
• Page 349: Evaluation of the Small Bowel: D-Xylose Absorption Test and Schilling Test
• Page 352: Disaccharide Intolerance
• Page 357: Malabsorption and Celiac Disease: Primary and Secondary Malabsorption (Symptomatic Sprue)
• Page 358: Signs and Symptoms of Malabsorption
• Page 361: Whipple Disease
• Page 364: Diverticula
• Page 367: Diarrhea
• Page 371: Bacterial Overgrowth Syndrome
• Page 374: Short Bowel Syndrome
• Page 378: Intestinal Disturbances Resulting From Food Allergy
• Page 382: Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
• Page 385: Benign Tumors
• Page 386: Benign Tumors
• Page 389: Malignant Tumors
• Page 392: Carcinoid Syndrome and Neuroendocrine Tumors

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• Page 397: Topography and Structure of the Colon
• Page 400: Sigmoid of Colon
• Page 402: Rectum and Anal Canal: Rectum From the Rectosigmoid Junction to the Anal Verge
• Page 403: Rectum and Anal Canal: Histology of the Anal Canal
• Page 405: Anorectal Musculature: Continuity with Sigmoid and Cross-section
• Page 406: Anorectal Musculature: Pelvic Floor
• Page 408: Vascular, Lymphatic, and Nerve Supply of the Large Intestine
• Page 409: Vascular, Lymphatic, and Nerve Supplies
• Page 412: Secretory, Digestive, and Absorptive Functions of the Colon and Colonic Flora
• Page 415: Probiotics
• Page 418: Anoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy, and Colonoscopy
• Page 421: Laparoscopy (Peritoneoscopy)
• Page 424: Examination of the Stool
• Page 427: Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• Page 430: Motility and Pathophysiology of the Colon
• Page 431: Motility and Pathophysiology of the Colon
• Page 433: Defecation
• Page 434: Defecation
• Page 437: Pathophysiology of Defecation
• Page 440: Constipation
• Page 443: Effects of Drugs on the Intestine
• Page 446: Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)
• Page 449: Sigmoid Volvulus
• Page 451: Volvulus of the Cecum
• Page 453: Diseases of the Appendix: Inflammation, Mucucele, and Tumors
• Page 456: Diverticulosis: Colonoscopic View of the Diverticula
• Page 459: Diverticulitis, With CT Scans Showing a Thickened Wall and Diverticula
• Page 463: Ulcerative Colitis: Definition and General Description
• Page 466: Ulcerative Colitis: Extraintestinal Manifestations and Complications
• Page 472: Ulcerative Colitis: Ileostomy and Subtotal Colectomy, and Synchronous Abdominoperineal Resection
• Page 475: Ileostomy and Colostomy
• Page 478: Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis and Pouchitis
• Page 481: Differentiating Features of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease
• Page 485: Crohn Disease (Regional Enteritis)
• Page 488: Crohn Disease: Complications
• Page 491: Crohn Disease: Perianal Disease
• Page 500: Neoplasms of the Large Bowel: Colon Polyps
• Page 503: Neoplasms of the Large Bowel: Screening and Treatment of Colon Polyps
• Page 506: Familial Polyposis of the Large Intestine
• Page 509: Clinical Manifestations of Colorectal Cancer
• Page 512: Colon Cancer: Staging, Treatment, and Outcome
• Page 515: Rectal Cancer
• Page 517: Hemorrhoids
• Page 520: Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia
• Page 523: Anal Fissure and Pruritus Ani
• Page 526: Anorectal Abscesses and Fistulas
• Page 529: Lymphogranuloma Venereum

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• Page 540: Typhoid Fever: Transmission and Pathologic Lesions
• Page 541: Typhoid Fever: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostic Featues
• Page 544: Food Poisoning and Enteric Pathogens
• Page 545: Food Poisoning and Enteric Pathogens
• Page 551: Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis: Pathways of Infection and Routes of Spread
• Page 554: Abdominal Actinomycosis
• Page 557: Amebiasis
• Page 560: Giardia lamblia and Other Protozoans
• Page 564: Trichuriasis
• Page 566: Enterobiasis
• Page 568: Ascariasis
• Page 570: Strongyloidiasis
• Page 573: Hookworm Disease (Necatoriasis and Ancylostomiasis)
• Page 576: Tapeworm Infection: Taenia saginata
• Page 579: Tapeworm Infection: Taenia solium
• Page 581: Tapeworm Infection: Hymenolepsis nana
• Page 583: Tapeworm Infection: Diphyllobothrium latum
• Page 585: Other Helminth Infections: Trichinella spiralis and Flukes
• Page 588: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Gastrointestinal Tract

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• Page 593: Development of the Pancreas
• Page 594: Anatomy of the Pancreas
• Page 596: Pancreatic Ducts and Variations
• Page 598: Normal Secretory Functions of the Pancreas
• Page 601: Congenital Cystic Fibrosis
• Page 604: Acute Pancreatitis: Etiology and Clinical Picture
• Page 614: Chronic (Relapsing) Pancreatitis: Pathologic Picture
• Page 621: Pancreatic Cancer: Clinical Features
• Page 622: Pancreatic Cancer: Advanced Disease, Including Histology and Metastases
• Page 627: Cystic Tumors: Cystadenoma and Cystadenocarcinoma
• Page 629: Islet Cell Tumors: Adenomas and Carcinoma

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• Page 635: Anatomy and Histology of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
• Page 638: Pathogenesis of Gallstones
• Page 641: Mechanisms of Biliary Pain
• Page 644: Acute Cholecystitis
• Page 647: Complications of Cholecystitis
• Page 649: Calculus Obstruction of Common Bile Duct (Choledocholithiasis)
• Page 650: Management of Stones
• Page 654: Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
• Page 657: Gallbladder Cancer
• Page 660: Neoplastic Obstruction of the Bile Ducts

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• Page 663: Topography of the Liver
• Page 665: Surfaces and Bed of the Liver
• Page 667: Lesser Omentum and Variations in Form of the Liver
• Page 669: Cell Types Within the Liver
• Page 670: Hepatic Architecture
• Page 671: Vascular Ductal Relations and Liver Lobules
• Page 672: Intrahepatc Biliary System
• Page 674: Vessel and Duct Distributions and Liver Segments
• Page 676: Arterial Blood Supply of the Liver, Biliary System, and Pancreas
• Page 677: Arterial Blood Supply of the Liver, Biliary System, and Pancreas
• Page 680: Hepatic Artery Variations
• Page 682: Portal Vein Tributaries and Portocaval Anastomoses
• Page 684: Portal Vein Variations and Anomalies
• Page 688: Prothrombin Formation
• Page 690: Bile Acid Circulation and Metabolism: Enterohepatic Circulation and Cellular Mechanisms of Metabolism
• Page 691: Hepatic Protein and Bile Acid Metabolism: Normal Serum Protein and Clotting Factors and Cholestasis
• Page 694: Clinical Manifestations of Cirrhosis
• Page 696: Physical Diagnosis of Liver Disease
• Page 698: Causes of Portal Hypertension
• Page 700: Causes of Ascites
• Page 703: Hepatic Encephalopathy
• Page 708: Clinical Measurement of Portal Hypertension
• Page 709: Ligation Techniques
• Page 711: Relief of Portal Hypertension by Surgery
• Page 713: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt
• Page 715: Liver Biopsy: Percutaneous Suction and Laparoscopic Techniques
• Page 718: Hepatic Necrosis
• Page 720: Vascular Changes in Cirrhosis
• Page 721: Postnecrotic Necrosis
• Page 725: Imaging Studies of Liver
• Page 726: Imaging Studies of Liver: Cholangiography
• Page 728: Alcoholic Liver Disease
• Page 729: Fatty Liver with Acute Hepatic Failure and Florid Cirrhosis
• Page 730: Septal Cirrhosis
• Page 733: Liver Disease Caused by Malnutrition
• Page 736: Mechanism and Stages of Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction
• Page 737: Mechanism and Stages of Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction
• Page 738: Mechanical Decompression Techniques
• Page 741: Pathologic Features of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Page 742: Clinical Features of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Page 743: Pathologic Features of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
• Page 744: Natural History of Cholestasis
• Page 745: Differential Diagnosis
• Page 748: Pathologic Features of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
• Page 750: Clinical Manifestations of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
• Page 752: Autoimmune Hepatitis
• Page 754: Viral Hepatitis: Acute Form
• Page 755: Viral Hepatitis: Acute Massive Necrosis
• Page 756: Viral Hepatitis: Subacute Fatal Form
• Page 762: Clinical Picture of Hepatitis Cinfection
• Page 765: Hepatitis Caused by Other Viruses: Infectious Mononucleosis and Yellow Fever
• Page 768: Drug-induced Hepatic Injuries
• Page 769: Hepatotoxicity
• Page 772: Congenital and Familial Hyperbilirubinemia
• Page 776: Secondary Iron Overload and Hereditary Hemochromatosis
• Page 780: Liver Disease in Pregnancy
• Page 784: Nodular Liver Lesions
• Page 787: Granulomatous Liver Diseases
• Page 788: Granulomatous Liver Diseases
• Page 791: Amebiasis
• Page 793: Wilson Disease
• Page 796: Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Gross and Histologic Features, and Spread of Primary Carcinoma Withing the Liver
• Page 797: Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Gross and Histologic Features, and Spread of Primary Carcinoma Withing the Liver
• Page 800: Liver Transplantation: Indications and Technique
• Page 803: Spirochetal Infections
• Page 805: Actinomycosis
• Page 807: Echinococcus (Hydatid Disease)
• Page 809: Schistosomiasis
• Page 811: The Liver in Heart Failure: Cardiac Liver and Shock
• Page 813: Portal Venous Obstruction
• Page 817: Bile Duct Carcinoma of the Liver
• Page 818: Bile Duct Cancer: Benign Papilloma and Carcinoma
• Page 820: Metastatic Liver Cancer
• Page 822: Trauma

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• Page 847: Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa and Buimia
• Page 849: Obesity