Netter's Atlas of Human Neuroscience

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• Page 4: Neuronal Structure
• Page 5: Types of Synapses
• Page 6: Neuronal Cell Types
• Page 7: Glial Cell Types
• Page 8: Myelination of CNS and PNS Axons
• Page 9: Development of Myelination and Axon Ensheathment
• Page 10: High Magnification View of a Central Myelin Sheath
• Page 11: Synaptic Morphology
• Page 12: Chemical Neurotransmission: Amino Acid, Catecholamine, Serotonin, Peptidergic, and Cholinergic Synapses
• Page 14: Neuronal Resting Potential
• Page 15: Graded Potentials in Nuerons
• Page 16: Action Potentials
• Page 17: Propagation of the Action Potential
• Page 18: Conduction Velocity
• Page 19: Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Inhibition
• Page 20: Spatial and Temporal Summation

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• Page 21: Interior View of the Base of the Adult Skull
• Page 22: Foramina in the Base of the Adult Skull
• Page 23: Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain: Lateral View
• Page 24: Lateral View of the Forebrain: Brodmann Areas
• Page 24: Lateral View of the Forebrain: Functional Regions
• Page 25: Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal) Surface of the Brain
• Page 26: Medial Surface of the Brain: Lobes and Functional Areas
• Page 26: Medial Surface of the Brain: Brodmann Areas
• Page 27: Anatomy of the Basal Surface of the Brain: With the Brain Stem and Cerebellum Removed
• Page 28: Basal Surface of the Brain: Functional Areas and Brodmann Areas
• Page 29: Horizontal Brain Sections Showing the Basal Ganglia
• Page 30: Major Limbic Forebrain Structures
• Page 31: Corpus Callosum - Horizontal View
• Page 31: Corpus Callosum: Schematic View of the Lateral Extent of Major Components
• Page 32: Hippocampal Formation and Fornix
• Page 33: Thalamic Anatomy
• Page 34: Thalamic Nuclei

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• Page 35: Brain Stem Surface Anatomy: Posterolateral and Anterior Views
• Page 36: Cerebellar Anatomy: External and Internal Features

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• Page 37: Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy
• Page 38: Spinal Cord Gross Anatomy in Situ
• Page 39: The Spinal Cord, It's Meninges, and Spinal Roots
• Page 40: Spinal Cord - Cross Sectional Anatomy in Situ
• Page 41: Spinal Cord White and Gray Matter

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• Page 42: Schematic of the Meninges and Their Relationship to the Brain

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• Page 43: Ventricular Anatomy
• Page 44: Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle
• Page 45: Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

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• Page 46: Meningeal Arteries: Relationship to Skull and Dura
• Page 47: Arterial Supply to the Brain and the Meninges
• Page 48: Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View
• Page 49: Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Frontal View and Coronal Section
• Page 50: Schematic of Arteries to the Brain
• Page 51: Schematic of the Circle of Willis
• Page 52: Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Lateral and Medial Views
• Page 53: Color Illustration of Territories of the Cerebral Arteries
• Page 54: Angiographic Anatomy of the Internal Carotid Circulation
• Page 54: Angiographic Anatomy of the Vertebrobasilar System
• Page 55: Vertebrobasilar Arterial System
• Page 56: Vascular Supply to the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
• Page 57: Meninges and Superficial Cerebral Veins
• Page 58: Veins: Superficial Cerebral, Meningeal, Diploic, and Emissary
• Page 59: Venous Sinuses
• Page 60: Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain
• Page 61: Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain: Relationship to Ventricles
• Page 62: Venous Drainage of the Brain Stem and the Cerebellum
• Page 63: Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord: Longitudinal View
• Page 64: Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries and Their Distribution.
• Page 65: Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord: Cross Sectional View.
• Page 66: Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord.

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• Page 67: Formation of the Neural Plate, Neural Tube, and Neural Crest
• Page 68: Neurulation
• Page 69: Neural Tube Development and Neural Crest Formation
• Page 70: Neural Proliferation and Differentiation: Walls of the Neural Tube
• Page 71: Neural Tube and Neural Crest Derivatives
• Page 72: Early Brain Development: The 28-Day-Old Embryo
• Page 73: Early Brain Development: The-36-Day Old Embryo
• Page 74: Early Brain Development: The 49-Day-Old and the 3-Month-Old Embryos
• Page 75: Forebrain Development: 7 Weeks Through 3 Months
• Page 76: The 6-Month and 9-Month Central Nervous System
• Page 77: Development of the Ventricles
• Page 78: Comparison of 5-1/2 Week and Adult Central Nervous System Regions
• Page 79: Development of Motor and Preganglionic Autonomic Nuclei in the Brain Stem and the Spinal Cord
• Page 80: Alar and Basal Plate Derivatives in the Brain Stem
• Page 81: Development of the Fourth Ventricle
• Page 82: Development of Peripheral Axons

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• Page 86: Schematic of the Spinal Cord with Sensory, Motor and Autonomic Components of Peripheral Nerves
• Page 87: Relationship of Spinal Nerve Roots to Vertebrae
• Page 88: Sensory Channels: Reflex
• Page 88: Sensory Channels: Cerebellar
• Page 89: Sensory Channels: Lemniscal
• Page 90: Motor Channels: Basic Organization of Lower and Upper Motor Neurons
• Page 91: Autonomic Channels
• Page 92: Cutaneous Receptors
• Page 93: Pacinian Corpuscles
• Page 94: Interoceptors
• Page 95: Skin and Its Nerves
• Page 96: Neuromuscular Neurotransmission
• Page 97: Neuroeffector Junctions
• Page 98: Dermatomal Distribution
• Page 99: Cervical Plexus
• Page 100: Phrenic Nerve
• Page 101: Thoracic Nerves
• Page 102: Brachial Plexus
• Page 103: Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
• Page 104: Scapular, Axillary, and Radial Nerves Above the Elbow
• Page 105: Radial Nerve in the Forearm
• Page 106: Musculocutaneous Nerve
• Page 107: Median Nerve
• Page 108: Ulnar Nerve
• Page 109: Lumbar Plexus
• Page 110: Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
• Page 111: Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
• Page 112: Obturator Nerve
• Page 113: Sciatic and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
• Page 114: Tibial Nerve
• Page 115: Common Peroneal Nerve
• Page 116: General Schema of the Autonomic Nervous System
• Page 117: Innervation of Organs of the Immune System and Metabolic Organs
• Page 118: Reflex Pathways
• Page 119: Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses
• Page 120: Schematic of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Distribution to Motor and Autonomic Structures
• Page 121: Autonomic Distribution to the Head and the Neck: Medial View
• Page 122: Autonomic Distribution to the Head and the Neck: Lateral View
• Page 123: Schematic of Autonomic Distribution to the Head and the Neck
• Page 124: Autonomic Distribution to the Eye
• Page 125: Innervation of the Limbs
• Page 126: Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Splanchnic Nerves
• Page 127: Innervation of Tracheobronchial Tree
• Page 128: Innervation of the Heart
• Page 129: Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia
• Page 130: Innervation of the Stomach and the Proximal Duodenum
• Page 131: Innervation of the Small and Large Intestines
• Page 132: Enteric Nervous System: Longitudinal View
• Page 133: Enteric Nervous System: Cross Sectional View
• Page 134: Innervation of the Liver and the Biliary Tract
• Page 135: Innervation of the Adrenal Gland
• Page 136: Autonomic Pelvic Nerves and Ganglia
• Page 137: Innervation of the Kidney and the Upper Ureter
• Page 138: Innervation of the Urinary Bladder and the Lower Ureter
• Page 139: Innervation of the Male Reproductive Organs
• Page 140: Innervation of the Female Reproductive Organs

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• Page 141: Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter
• Page 142: Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical
• Page 143: Spinal Cord Levels: Thoracic
• Page 144: Spinal Cord Levels: Lumbar
• Page 145: Spinal Cord Levels: Sacral
• Page 146: Spinal Cord Lower Motor Neuron Control
• Page 147: Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways
• Page 148: Muscle and Joint Receptors and Muscle Spindles
• Page 149: The Muscle Stretch Reflex and its Central Control Via Gamma Motor Neurons

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• Page 150: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Spinal Cord Transition - Decussation of the Pyramids
• Page 150: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of the Dorsal Column Nuclei
• Page 151: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of the Obex
• Page 151: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of the inferior Olive
• Page 152: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medullo-Pontine Junction - Level of the Cochlear Nuclei
• Page 152: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of CN X and the Vestibular Nuclei
• Page 153: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons - Level of the Facial Nucleus
• Page 153: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons - Level of the Genu of the Facial Nerve
• Page 154: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons-Midbrain Junction - Level of CN IV and Locus Coeruleus
• Page 154: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons - Level of Trigeminal Motor and Main Sensory Nuclei
• Page 155: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain - Level of the Inferior Colliculus
• Page 155: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain - Level of the Superior Colliculus
• Page 156: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain - Level of the Medial Geniculate Body
• Page 156: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain-Diencephalon Junction - Level of the Posterior Commissure
• Page 157: Cranial Nerves: Schematic of Distribution of Sensory, Motor, and Autonomic Fibers
• Page 158: Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: View from Above
• Page 159: Nerves of the Orbit and the Ciliary Ganglion: Dorsal View and Cross Section Through the Cavernous Sinus
• Page 160: Extraocular Nerves (III, IV, and VI) and the Ciliary Ganglion: View in Relation to the Eye
• Page 161: Trigeminal Nerve (V)
• Page 162: Facial Nerve (VII)
• Page 163: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
• Page 164: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
• Page 165: Vagus Nerve (X)
• Page 166: Accessory Nerve (XI)
• Page 167: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
• Page 168: Afferent Innervation of the Mouth and the Pharynx
• Page 169: Reticular Formation: General Pattern of Nuclei in the Brain Stem
• Page 170: Reticular Formation: Nuclei and Areas in the Brain Stem and Diencephalon
• Page 171: Major Afferent Connections to the Reticular Formation
• Page 172: Sleep-Wakefulness Control
• Page 173: Cerebellar Organization: Lobes and Regions
• Page 174: Cerebellar Anatomy: Lobules
• Page 175: Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nuclei and Cerebellar Peduncles

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• Page 176: Thalamic Anatomy and Interconnections with the Cerebral Cortex
• Page 177: The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
• Page 178: Schematic of Hypothalamic Nuclei

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• Page 179: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Mid Pons
• Page 180: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Rostral Pons
• Page 181: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Midbrain
• Page 182: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus
• Page 183: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus
• Page 184: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Head of Caudate and Midthalamus
• Page 185: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule
• Page 186: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Dorsal Caudate, Splenium, and Genu of Corpus Callosum
• Page 187: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Body of Corpus Callosum
• Page 188: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Centrum Semiovale
• Page 189: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Genu of Corpus Callosum
• Page 190: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Head of Caudate Nucleus/Nucleus Accumbens
• Page 191: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Anterior Commissure/Columns of Fornix
• Page 192: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Amygdala, Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule
• Page 193: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Mammillary Bodies
• Page 194: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Mammillothalamic Tract/Substantia Nigra, Rostral Hippocampus
• Page 195: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Midthalamus
• Page 196: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Geniculate Nuclei
• Page 197: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Caudal Pulvinar and Superior Colliculus
• Page 198: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Splenium of Corpus Callosum
• Page 199: Layers of the Cerebral Cortex
• Page 200: Cortical Neuronal Cell Types
• Page 201: Vertical Columns: Functional Units of the Cerebral Cortex
• Page 202: Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
• Page 203: Neuronal Origins of Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
• Page 204: Cortical Association Pathways
• Page 205: Major Cortical Association Bundles
• Page 206: Noradrenergic Pathways
• Page 207: Serotonergic Pathways
• Page 208: Dopaminergic Pathways
• Page 209: Central Cholinergic Pathways
• Page 210: Olfactory Nerve and Nerves of the Nose

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• Page 214: Somatosensory Afferents to the Spinal Cord
• Page 215: Somatosensory System: Spinocerebellar Pathways
• Page 216: Somatosensory System: The Dorsal Column System and Epicritic Modalities
• Page 217: Somatosensory System: The Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Systems and Protopathic Modalities
• Page 218: Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Nociceptive Processing in the Spinal Cord
• Page 220: Descending Control of Ascending Somatosensory Systems
• Page 221: Trigeminal Sensory and Associated Sensory Systems
• Page 222: Anatomy of Taste Buds and Their Receptors
• Page 223: Taste Pathways
• Page 224: Peripheral Pathways for Sound Reception
• Page 225: Bony and Membranous Labyrinths
• Page 226: Vlll Nerve Innervation of Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti
• Page 227: Cochlear Receptors
• Page 228: Afferent Auditory Pathways
• Page 229: Centrifugal (Efferent) Auditory Pathways
• Page 230: Vestibular Receptors
• Page 231: Vestibular Pathways
• Page 232: Nystagmus
• Page 233: Anatomy of the Eye
• Page 234: Anterior and Posterior Chambers of the Eye
• Page 235: The Retina and the Photoreceptors
• Page 236: Arteries and Veins of the Eye
• Page 237: Visual Pathways - Retinal Projections to the Thalamus and the Brain Stem
• Page 238: Visual Pathways: The Retino-Geniculo-Calcarine Pathway
• Page 239: Visual Pathways in the Parietal and Temporal Lobes

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• Page 240: Lower Motor Neuron Distribution in the Spinal Cord and the Brain Stem
• Page 241: Alpha and Gamma Lower Motor Neurons
• Page 242: Cortical Efferent Pathways
• Page 243: Corticobulbar Tract (CBT)
• Page 244: Corticospinal Tract
• Page 245: Corticospinal Tract Terminations in the Spinal Cord
• Page 246: Rubrospinal Tract
• Page 247: Vestibulospinal Tracts
• Page 248: Reticulospinal and Corticoreticular Pathways
• Page 249: Tectospinal Tract and Interstitiospinal Tract
• Page 250: Spinal Cord Terminations of Major Descending Upper Motor Neuron Tracts
• Page 251: Central Control of Eye Movements
• Page 252: Central Control of Respiration
• Page 253: Functional Subdivisions of the Cerebellum
• Page 254: Cerebellar Neuronal Circuitry
• Page 255: Circuit Diagrams of Afferent Connections in the Cerebellum
• Page 256: Afferent Pathways to the Cerbellum
• Page 257: Cerebellar Efferent Pathways
• Page 258: Vestibulocerebellar and Cerebellovestibular Pathways
• Page 259: Schematic Diagrams of Efferent Pathways from the Cerebellum to Upper Motor Neuronal Systems
• Page 260: Connections of the Basal Ganglia
• Page 262: Parallel Loops of Circuitry Through the Basal Ganglia
• Page 263: Connections of Nucleus Accumbens

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• Page 264: General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System
• Page 265: General Anatomy of the Hypothalamus
• Page 266: Sections Through the Hypothalamus: Preoptic and Supraoptic Zones
• Page 267: Sections Through the Hypothalamus: Tuberal Zone
• Page 268: Sections Through the Hypothalamus: Mammillary Zone
• Page 269: Schematic Reconstruction of the Hypothalamus
• Page 270: Forebrain Regions Associated with the Hypothalamus
• Page 271: Afferent and Efferent Pathways Associated with the Hypothalamus
• Page 272: Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Afferent Pathways
• Page 273: Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Efferent Pathways
• Page 274: Summary of General Hypothalamic Connections
• Page 275: Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Regulation of Pituitary Neurohormonal Outflow, Autonomic Preganglionic Outflow, and Limbic Activity
• Page 276: Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences on the Hypothalamus and Other Brain Regions and on Behavior
• Page 277: Circumventricular Organs
• Page 278: Hypophyseal Portal Vasculature
• Page 279: Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion
• Page 280: Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophyseal) Hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin
• Page 281: Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone) Regulation of Water Balance and Fluid Osmolality
• Page 282: The Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation
• Page 283: Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure
• Page 284: Long-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure
• Page 285: Neural Control of Appetite and Hunger
• Page 286: Neural and Neuroendocrine Roles in the Fight-or-Flight Response
• Page 287: Neuroimmunomodulation
• Page 288: Anatomy of the Limbic Forebrain
• Page 289: Hippocampal Formation: General Anatomy
• Page 290: Neuronal Connections in the Hippocampal Formation
• Page 291: Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Hippocampal Formation
• Page 292: Major Afferent Connections of the Amygdala
• Page 293: Major Efferent Connections of the Amygdala
• Page 294: Summary of Major Afferents, Efferents, and Interconnections of the Amygdala
• Page 295: Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Septal Nuclei
• Page 296: Major Connections of the Cingulate Cortex
• Page 297: Olfactory Receptors
• Page 298: Olfactory Pathways