Netter's Atlas of Human Embryology
Author: Larry R. Cochard, PhD
ISBN: 9780914168997
1: Overview of Development Events, Processes, and Abnormalities
21 images (view/hide)
- The First and Second Weeks
- The Early Embryonic Period
- The Late Embryonic Period
- The Fetal Period
- Samples of Epithelia and Connective Tissue
- Skin and Embryonic Connective Tissue
- Induction
- Apoptosis
- Genetic Determination of Embryonic Axes and Segments
- Segmentation and Segment Fates
- Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration
- Cell Differentiation and Cell Fates
- Growth Factors
- Classification of Abnormal Processes
- Classification of Multiple Anomalies
- Normal versus Major versus Minor Malformations
- Marfan Syndrome
- Apert and DeLange Syndromes
- Examples of Deformations
- Example of a Deformation Sequence
- Drug-Induced Embryopathies
2: Early Embryonic Development and the Placenta
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- Adult Uterus, Ovaries, and Uterine Tubes
- Ovary, Ova, and Follicle Development
- The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy
- Ovulation, Fertilization, and Migration Down the Uterine Tube
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Tubal Pregnancy
- Interstitial, Abdominal, and Ovarian Pregnancy
- Implantation and Extraembryonic Membrane Formation
- Gastrulation
- Neurulation and Early Placenta and Coelom Development
- Folding of the Gastrula
- The Vertebrate Body Plan
- Formation of the Placenta
- The Endometrium and Fetal Membranes
- Placental Structure
- External Placental Structure; Maternal-Fetal Blood Barrier
- Placental Variations
- Placenta Previa
- Summary of Ectodermal Derivatives
- Summary of Endodermal Derivatives
- Summary of Mesodermal Derivatives
3: The Nervous System
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- Formation of the Neural Plate
- Neurulation
- Neural Tube and Neural Crest
- Defects of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column
- Defects of the Brain and Skull
- Neuron Development
- Development of the Cellular Sheath of Axons
- Development of the Spinal Cord Layers
- Alar and Basal Plates
- Development of the Peripheral Nervous System
- Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerves
- Growth of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column
- Embryonic Dermatomes
- Adult Dermatomes
- Early Brain Development
- Further Development of Forebrain, Medbrain, and Hindbrain
- Development of Major Brain Structures
- Growth of the Cerebral Hemispheres
- Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain
- Cross Sections of the Midbrain and Hindbrain
- Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Development of Motor Nuclei in the Brainstem
- Segmentation of the Hindbrain
- Forebrain Wall and Ventricles
- Relationship Between Telencephalon and Diencephalon
- Development of the Pituitary Gland
- Development of the Ventricles
- Congenital Ventricular Defects
4: The Cardiovascular System
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- Early Vascular Systems
- Early Development of the Cardinal Systems
- Transformation to the Postnatal Pattern
- Vein Anomalies
- Aortic Arch Arteries
- Aortic Arch Anomalies
- Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Arteries
- Intersegmental Arteries and coarctation of the Aorta
- Summary of Embryonic Blood Vessel Derivatives
- Formation of Blood Vessels
- Formation of the Left and Right Heart Tubes
- Formation of a Single Heart Tube
- Chambers of the Heart Tube
- Bending of the Heart Tube
- Partitioning of the Heart Tube
- Atrial Separation
- Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum
- Completion of the Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum
- Ventricular Separation and Bulbus Cordis
- Adult Derivatives of the Heart Tube Chambers
- Fetal Circulation
- Transition to Postnatal Circulation
- Congenital Heart Defect Concepts
- Ventricular Septal Defects
- Atrial Septal Defects
- Spiral Septum Defects
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
5: The Respiratory System
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- Early Primordia
- Formation of the Pleural Cavities
- The Relationship Between Lungs and Pleural Cavities
- Visceral and Parietal Pleura
- Development of the Diaphragm
- Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
- The Airway at 4 to 7 Weeks
- The Airway at 7 to 10 Weeks
- Development of Bronchioles and Alveoli
- Bronchial Epithelium Maturation
- Congenital Anomalies of the Lower Airway
- Airway Branching Anomalies
- Bronchopulmonary Sequestration
- Palate Formation in the Upper Airway
- The Newborn Upper Airway
6: The Gastrointestinal System and Abdominal Wall
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- Early Primordia
- Formation of the Gut Tube and Mesenteries
- Foregut, Midgut, and Hindgut
- Abdominal Veins
- Foregut and Midgut Rotations
- Meckel's Diverticulum
- Lesser Peritoneal Sac
- Introduction to the Retroperitoneal Concept
- Midgut Loop
- Abdominal Ligaments
- Abdominal Foregut Organ Development
- Development of Pancreatic Acini and Islets
- Congenital Pancreatic Anomalies
- Development of the Hindgut
- Duplication, Atresia, and Situs Inversus
- Megacolon (Hirschsprung's Disease)
- Summary of Gut Organization
- Development of the Abdominal Wall
- Umbilical Hernia
- Testis Descent Through Deep Body Wall
- Coverings of the Spermatic Cord
- The Adult Inguinal Region
- Anomalies of the Processus Vaginalis
7: The Urogenital System
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- Early Primordia
- Division of the Cloaca
- Congenital Cloacal Anomalies
- Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros
- Development of the Metanephros
- Ascent and Rotation of the Metanephric Kidneys
- Kidney Rotation Anomalies and Renal Fusion
- Kidney Migration Anomalies and Blood Vessel Formation
- Hypoplasia
- Ureteric Bud Duplication
- Ectopic Ureters
- Bladder Anomalies
- Allantois/Urachus Anomalies
- Primordia of the Genital System
- 8-Week Undifferentiated (Indifferent) Stage
- Anterior View of the Derivatives
- Paramesonephric Duct Anomalies
- Homologues of the External Genital Organs
- Hypospadias and Epispadias
- Gonadal Differentiation
- Testis, Epididymis, and Ductus Deferens
- Descent of Testis
- Ova and Follicles
- Summary of Urogenital Primordia and Derivatives
- Summary of Genital Primordia and Derivatives
8: The Musculoskeletal System
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- Myotomes, Dermatomes, and Sclerotomes
- Muscle and Vertebral Column Segmentation
- Mesenchymal Primordia at 5 and 6 Weeks
- Ossification of the Vertebral Column
- Development of the Atlas, Axis, Ribs, and Sternum
- Bone Cells and Bone Deposition
- Histology of Bone
- Membrane Bone and Skull Development
- Bone Development in Mesenchyme
- Osteon Formation
- Compact Cone Development and Remodeling
- Endochondral Ossification in a Long Bone
- Epiphyseal Growth Plate
- Peripheral Cartilage Function in the Epiphysis
- Pathophysiology of the Growth Plate
- Ossification in the Newborn Skeleton
- Joint Development
- Muscular System: Primordia
- Segmentation and Division of Myotomes
- Epimere, Hypomere, and Muscle Groups
- Development and Organization of Limb Buds
- Rotaton of the Limbs
- Limb Rotation and Dermatomes
- Embryonic Plan of the Brachial Plexus
- Division of the Lumbosacral Plexus
- Developing Skeletal Muscles
9: Head and Neck
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- Ectoderm, Endoderm, and Mesoderm
- Pharyngeal (Branchial) Arches
- Ventral and Midsagittal Views
- Fate of the Pharyngeal Pouches
- Midsagittal View of the Pharynx
- Fate of the Pharyngeal Grooves
- Pharyngeal Groove and Pouch Anomalies
- Pharyngeal Arch Nerves
- Sensory Inneration Territories
- Early Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles
- Later Development of Pharyngeal Arch Muscles
- Pharyngeal Arch Cartilages
- Ossification of the Skull
- Ossification of the Skull
- Premature Suture Closure
- Cervical Ossification
- Torticollis
- Cervical Plexus
- Orbit
- Adult Ear Organization
- Summary of Ear Development
- Cranial Nerve Primordia
- Parasympathetic Innervation and Unique Nerves
- Development of the Face: 3 to 4 Weeks
- Development of the Face: 4 to 6 Weeks
- Development of the Face: 6 to 10 Weeks
- Palate Formation
- Inferior View of Palate Formation; Roof of the Oral Cavity
- Congenital Anomalies of the Oral Cavity
- Floor of the Oral Cavity
- Developmental Coronal Sections
- Dental Eruption
