Netter's Orthopaedics
Author: Walter Greene, MD
ISBN: 9781929007028
1: Embryology and Formation of Bone
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- Cell Division: The First Two Weeks
- Gastrulation
- Folding of the Gastrula and Early Development of the Nervous System
- "Myotomes, Dermatomes, and Sclerotomes"
- Muscle and Vertebral Column Segmentation
- Development of Epimere and Hypomere Muscle Groups and their Nerve Innervation
- Joint Development
- Limb Rotation and Dermatomes
- Growth factors
- Intramembranous (mesenchymal) Bone Formation
- Endochondral Ossification in a Long Bone
- Ossification Present in the Newborn
- Histology of Bone
- Composition of Lamellar Bone
- "Close-up View of Epiphysis, Physis, and Adjacent Metaphysys"
- Physis (Growth Plate)
2: Metabolic Bone Disease and Osteonecrosis
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- Normal Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
- Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
- Dynamics of Bone Homeostasis
- Pathologic Physiology of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Clinical Manifestations of Primary Hyperthyroidism
- AlbrightÕs Hereditary Osteodystrophy
- Childhood Rickets and Adult Osteomalacia
- Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
- Clinical Manifestations of Osteoporosis
- Kyphoplasty: Pretreatment and Posttreatment Radiographs
- Paget Disease
- Osteonecrosis After Fracture
3: Leg Deformities and Skeletal Dysplasias in Children
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- Internal Femoral Torsion (In-Toeing)
- "Internal Tibial Torsion, External Tibial Torsion, and Thigh-Foot Angle"
- External Rotation of Hips
- Malalignment Syndrome
- Bowleg
- Achondroplasia
- Type 1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Types III and IV Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta by Intramedullary Fixation
- Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita
- Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda
- Pseudoachondroplasia
- Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
- Diastrophic Dysplasia
- "Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia, Schmid Type"
- "Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia, McKusick Type"
- Marfan Syndrome
- Gaucher Disease
4: Arthritic Disorders
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- Synovial Joint
- Composition of Articular Cartilage
- Structure of Articular Cartilage
- Synovial Fluid Examination
- Histopathology of Osteoarthritis
- Clinical findings in OA
- Hand in OA
- Surgical Alternatives for Osteoarthritis
- Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Clinical Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Ocular Manifestations in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Psoriatic Arthritis
- Reactive Arthritis
- Gouty Arthritis
- Ochronosis
5: Disorders of Muscles, Tendons, and Ligaments
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- Organization of Skeletal Muscle
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Initiation of Muscle Contraction
- Biochemical Mechanics of Muscle Contraction
- Muscle LengthÐMuscle Tension Relationships
- Muscle Fiber Types
- Grading of Ligament Sprains
- Achilles Insertional Tendinopathy
- Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis
- McArdle Disease
- Duchenne Muscular Dystropy
- Fascioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
- Myotonia Congenita and Myotonic Dystrophies
- Nemaline Myopathy
6: Disorders of Nerves
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- Anatomy of Peripheral Nerve
- Electrodiagnostic Studies of Nerves
- Cerebral Palsy
- Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises after Stroke
- Myelodysplasia
- Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
- Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A
- Neurofibromatosis
- Predisposing Factors to Compression Neuropathy
- Nerve Injury in Compression Neuropathy
- Common Sites of Upper Extremity Nerve Entrapment
- Sunderland Classification of Nerve Injury
- Charcot Arthropathy
- Diabetes
7: Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis
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- Direct Causes of Osteomyelitis
- Direct Causes of Osteomyelitis
- Pathogenesis of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
- Spread of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
- Septic Arthritis Secondary to Concomitant Osteomyelitis
- Clinical Manifestations of Hematogenous Osteomyelitis
- Lesions in Diabetic Foot
- Chronic Osteomyelitis
- Knee Joint Swollen and Held in a Flexed Position
- Septic Joint Aspiration
- Osteonecrosis and Hip Arthropathy Following Septic Arthritis
- Tuberculous Arthritis
8: Musculoskeletal Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions
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- Staging of Musculoskeletal Tumors
- Tumor Biopsy
- Surgical Margins for Musculoskeletal Tumors
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Solitary Osteochondroma
- Nonossifying Fibroma
- Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
- Osteosarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- "Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone Fibrosarcoma of Bone"
- EwingÕs Sarcoma
- Lipoma
- Liposarcoma
- Synovial Cell Sarcoma
- Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Soft Tissue
- Tumors Metastatic to Bone
9: Fractures and Multitrauma in Adults
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- Adult Respiratory Distress Syndromes (ARDS)
- Fracture Patterns
- Healing of Fracture
- Primary Union
- Types of Displacement
- Closed Reduction
- External Fixation
- Compression of Buttress Plate
- Interlocked Intramedullary Nail
- Gustilo and Anderson Classification of Open Fractures
- Nonunion of Fracture
- Neurologic Complications of Fractures
- Compartment Syndrome
- Compartment Syndrome
- Stress Fracture
- Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
10: Trauma and Osteochondrosis Syndromes in Children
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- Greenstick and Torus Fractures in Children
- Peterson Classification of Physeal Fractures
- Physeal Bar after Fracture of Distal Femur
- Fracture in Abused Children
- Osgood-Schlatter Condition
11: Amputations
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- Forearm Amputation
- Body-Powered and Myoelectric Prosthesis
- Amputations of the Foot
- Ankle Disarticulation (Syme Amputation)
- Transtibial Amputation
- Knee Disarticulation Amputation
- Transfemoral Amputation
- Complications of Amputations
12: Rehabilitation
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- Systemic Effects of Immobilization
- Passive Exercise
- Active-Assisted Exercise After Total Knee Replacement
- Measurement of Range of Motion
- Rehabilitation after Knee Injury or Operation
- Orthotics
- "Canes, Crutches, and Walkers"
13: Spine
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- Axial Skeleton
- Second Lumbar Vertebra
- Spinal Cord and Nerve Root Relationships to Vertebrae
- Cervical Vertebrae
- Anatomy of Lumbosacral Spine
- Intervertebral Disk
- Physical Examination
- Cervical Radiculopathy
- Lumbar Disk Herniation
- Discectomy
- Spinal Stenosis
- Radiographic Signs of Cervical Spine Instability
- Cervical Fractures
- Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures
- Congenital Muscular Torticollis
- Klippel-Feil Syndrome
- Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation of C1 on C2
- Congenital Scoliosis
- Scoliosis
- Spondylolisthesis
14: The Shoulder and Arm
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- Anterior View Scapula and Proximal Humerus
- Posterior View Scapula and Proximal Humerus
- Shoulder Joint Opened (lateral view)
- Axillary and Brachial Arteries
- Posterior View of Shoulder and Arm
- Shoulder Range of Motion
- Rotator Cuff Disease
- Acromioplasty
- Adhesive Capsulitis
- Brachial Plexus
- Fracture of Proximal Humerus
- Fracture of the Clavicle
- Fracture of Shaft of Humerus
- "Anterior Dislocation, Glenohumeral Joint"
- Acromioclavicular Dislocation
- Rupture of Long Head Biceps Brachii Muscle
- Sprengel Deformity
15: Elbow and Forearm
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- Bones of Right Elbow Joint
- Bony Attachments of Muscles of Forearm
- Median Nerve
- Ulnar Nerve
- Radial Nerve
- Measurement of Flexion/Extension
- Measurement of Pronation/Supination
- Prosthesis for Total Elbow Arthroplasty
- Epicondylitis
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
- Proximal Compression of Median Nerve
- Radial Nerve Compression
- Ligaments of Right Elbow Joint
- Fat Pad Locations
- Elbow Fractures
- Fracture of Head and Neck of Radius
- Olecranon Fracture
- Monteggia Fracture/Dislocation
- Supracondylar Fracture of the Humerus
- Dislocation of Elbow Joint
- Congenital Dislocation of Radial Head
16: The Hand and Wrist
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- Bones and Joints of Hand
- Extensor Tendons at Wrist
- "Flexor Tendons, Arteries, and Nerves at Wrist"
- Intrinsic Muscles of Hand
- Flexor and Extensor Tendons in Fingers
- Boutonniere and swan-neck deformity
- "Measurement of Wrist Motion and Finger motion, Lack of Finger Flexion, and Thumb Opposition"
- Positive Froment Sign
- Hand of Benediction
- Trigger Finger
- De Quervain Tenosynovitis
- Dupuytren Disease
- Ganglion of Wrist
- Infections of the Hand
- Felon and Paronychia Infections
- Fractures of the Distal Radius
- Fracture of Scaphoid
- Base of Thumb Metacarpal and Metacarpal Neck Fractures
- Fracture of Proximal Phalynx
- Flexor Tendon Anatomy and Injuries
- Gamekeeper Thumb
- Syndactyly
- Polydactyly
- Paraxial Radial Hemimelia
17: The Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
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- Hemipelvis
- Sacrum and Coccyx
- Hip Joint
- Blood Supply to Femoral Head
- Bony Attachments of Buttock and Thigh Muscles
- Muscles of Hip and Thigh
- Muscles of Hip and Thigh
- Lumbar Plexus
- Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
- Arteries and Nerves of Thigh
- Measurement of Hip Flexion/Extension and Thomas Test
- Trendelenberg Test
- Osteoarthritis of the Hip
- Stable Pelvic Ring Fractures
- Unstable Pelvic Fractures
- Internal Fixation for Type of Vertical Shear Fracture
- Acetabular Fractures
- Acetabular Fracture Fixation
- Posterior Dislocation of Hip
- "Anterior Dislocation of Hip, Obturator Type"
- Fracture of Femoral Neck and Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur
- Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Clinical Signs in Older Infant with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Pavlik Harness
- Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
- Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
18: The Knee and Leg
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- Anterior view of Knee and Hip-Knee-Ankle Mechanical Axis
- Medial and Lateral Views of the Knee
- Axial View of Meniscus
- Collateral and Cruciate Ligaments of the Knee
- Fascial Compartments of the Leg
- Tibial Nerve and Cutaneous Innervation of Sole
- Zero Starting Position and Arc of Flexion
- Progression of Osteochondritis Dissecans
- Types of Meniscal Tears
- Discoid Meniscus Variations
- Subluxation and Dislocation of Patella
- Bipartite Patella
- Synovial Plica
- Fracture of Distal Femur
- Tibial Plateau Fractures
- Fracture of the Patella
- "Fracture of Tibial Tubercle, Tibial Spine, and Tibial Shaft"
- Dislocation of the Knee
- Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- Rupture of Posterior Cruciate Ligament
- Congenital Dislocation of the Knee
- Posteromedial Bowing of the Tibia
- Anterolateral Bowing of the Tibia and Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Tibia
- Infantile Tibia Vara
19: The Foot and Ankle
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- Bones of Foot
- Bones of Foot
- Bony Attachments of Muscles of Foot
- Ligaments of the Ankle and Foot
- "Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Sole of Foot"
- Common Peroneal Nerve
- "Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Front of Ankle and Dorsum of Foot"
- Phases of Gait
- Ankle Dosiflexion/Plantarflexion
- Inversion and Eversion
- Triple Arthrodesis
- Posterior Tibial Dysfunction
- Hallux Valgus
- "Lesser Toe Deformities (Claw Toe, Hammertoe, and Mallet Toe)"
- Cavovarus Foot
- Ingrown Toenail
- Lauge-Hansen Classification of Ankle Fracture
- Intraarticular Fracture of the Calcaneus
- Fracture of Talar Neck
- Injury to Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint Complex
- Injury to Metatarsals
- Fracture of Tibia in Children
- Thompson test
- Congenital Clubfoot
- Metatarsus Adductus
- "Polydactyly, Syndactyly, Congenital Curly Toe, and Overlapping Fifth Toe"
- Flexible Flatfeet
- Tarsal Coalition
- Accessory Navicular
