Netter's Essential Biochemistry

Author: Peter Ronner

ISBN: 9781929007639

1: The Human Karyotype and the St… (12 images)

2: DNA Repair and Therapy of Canc… (12 images)

Page 13: Spontaneous alterations of DNA that are repaired by the base-excision repair pathway
Page 14: The short-patch base-excision repair pathway
Page 15: Causes of base mismatches that are repaired by the mismatch repair pathway
Page 16: DNA mismatch repair
Page 17: Large Intestine Structure Mucosa and Musculature of Colon Mucosa and Musculature of Large Intestine Structure of Colon
Page 18: Melanoma
Page 19: Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Squamous Cell Type
Page 20: Cisplatin-induced intrastrand crosslinking between two adjacent guanine bases
Page 21: Testicular Tumors I - Seminoma, Embryonal Carcinoma
Page 22: Nucleotide excision repair of intrastrand crosslinks
Page 23: Radiation Therapy
Page 26: Overview of DNA repair pathways

3: DNA replication (10 images)

Page 27: DNA replication is semi-conservative
Page 28: DNA replication occurs 5? to 3? and is stopped by incorporated synthetic dideoxyribonucleotides that lack the 3? hydroxyl group
Page 29: Replication forks during DNA replication
Page 30: Primer synthesis during DNA replication
Page 31: DNA replication, showing leading and lagging strand at a replication fork
Page 32: Drugs that preferentially inhibit DNA synthesis in retroviruses
Page 33: Drugs that inhibit DNA replication
Page 34: Metaphase chromosomes with telomeres
Page 35: Structure of a telomere
Page 36: Telomere shortening and lengthening

4: Clinical Tests Based on DNA or… (11 images)

Page 37: Abnormal karyogram of a bone marrow cell from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Page 38: Example of Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to interphase chromosomes
Page 39: Primer-directed in vitro DNA synthesis
Page 40: Principle of the PCR amplification of a DNA sequence
Page 41: Quantitative PCR amplification
Page 42: Standard curve for real-time PCR that relates analyte concentration to threshold cycle
Page 43: Digestion of PCR-amplified DNA with a restriction enzyme
Page 44: Melting curve analysis
Page 45: Microarray analysis of chromosome 1
Page 46: Sample result of Sanger sequencing of a lung nodule
Page 47: Processed results of massive parallel sequencing

5: Basic Genetics for Biochemistr… (1 images)

Page 0: Sex Chromatin and Chromosomal Sex

6: Transcription and RNA Processi… (16 images)

Page 48: Electron Micrograph of a Lymphocyte
Page 49: Maintenance of CpG methylation, an epigenetic modification
Page 50: Genes in a chromosome can be oriented in two ways
Page 51: The promoter upstream of a gene
Page 52: The structure of the liver X receptor-retinoid X receptor transcription factor bound to DNA
Page 53: SREBP-1a as an example of a transcription factor that uses a leucine zipper to dimerize
Page 54: Model of general transcription factors that are part of a preinitiation complex
Page 55: Capping of RNA with methylated guanosine triphosphate
Page 56: Polyadenylation of RNA
Page 57: Use of an upstream poly(A) site leads to termination of transcription and a shortened 3′-UTR
Page 58: Use of upstream poly(A) site leads to termination of transcription and a reduced number of exons, altering protein structure
Page 59: Basic requirements for splicing of pre-mRNA
Page 60: Basic modes of alternative splicing
Page 61: Alternative splicing of glucocorticoid receptor pre-mRNA
Page 62: From DNA to RNA to protein
Page 63: Export of mRNP complexes from the nucleus

7: Translation and Posttranslatio… (10 images)

Page 64: Structure of human tRNASec.
Page 65: Structure of a typical mRNA
Page 66: Peptide synthesis in ribosomes
Page 67: miRNA-induced degradation of mRNA
Page 68: Higher Magnification Electron Micrograph Showing Details of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Page 69: Transfer of a growing peptide chain into the endoplasmic reticulum
Page 70: Synthesis of a 14-residue glycan for N-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum
Page 71: N-glycosylation of the asparagine side chain of a protein
Page 72: Transport of proteins between intracellular compartments by coated vesicles
Page 73: Basic principle of vesicle formation and protein sorting in the ER and Golgi

8: Cell Cycle and Cancer (19 images)

Page 74: The cell cycle and its phase-specific kinase activities
Page 75: Phosphorylation of RB by CDKs releases the transcription factor E2F
Page 76: Growth factor signaling
Page 77: DNA damage and the p53 pathway
Page 78: The WNT / β-catenin pathway
Page 79: The role of MYC in the cell cycle
Page 80: Apoptosis. DISC: death-inducing signaling complex. APAF: Apoptotic protease activating factor 1
Page 81: Age as a key risk factor for cancer
Page 82: Relative risk for cancer in select organs
Page 83: Mammary Gland
Page 84: In Situ Carcinomas of Breast (DCIS and LCIS)
Page 85: Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Squamous Cell Type
Page 86: Bronchogenic Carcinoma: Adenocarcinoma
Page 87: Bronchogenic Carcinoma; Large Cell Anaplastic Type
Page 88: Carcinoma of Prostate I - Types and Extension
Page 89: Familial Polyposis of Large Intestine
Page 90: Malignant Tumors of Large Intestine
Page 91: Melanoma
Page 92: A coronal fused image of 2-18F-deoxyglucose-based positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT, obtained with x-rays) of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix

9: The Structure of Proteins and … (11 images)

Page 93: L- and D-amino acids
Page 94: Structures of the amino acids that ribosomes incorporate into nascent peptide chains
Page 95: The nature of the peptide bond
Page 96: Hydrogen bonding in proteins
Page 97: Conformation of an -helix in human -globin
Page 98: Cartoons of human serum albumin complexed to fatty acids
Page 99: SNARE proteins can form a coiled coil
Page 100: Model of the crystal structure of human brain fatty acid binding protein in complex with oleic acid
Page 101: Model of Aβ40 fibrils grown in vitro using seeds from the brain of an Alzheimer patient
Page 102: Amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease
Page 103: Parkinson's Disease

10: Enzymes and consequences of en… (6 images)

11: Biological Membranes (10 images)

Page 110: Classification of phospholipids and sphingolipids
Page 111: The structure of head groups in diacylglycerophospholipids and plasmalogens
Page 112: The structure of a cardiolipin
Page 113: The structure of cholesterol
Page 114: The basic structure of a lipid bilayer membrane
Page 116: Enzymes that maintain or abolish the asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in bilayer membranes
Page 117: Intrahepatic Cholestasis
Page 118: Part of the human β2-adrenergic receptor
Page 119: Proteins that are tethered to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane
Page 120: GPI-anchored proteins are tethered to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane

12: Collagen, Collagenopathies, an… (5 images)

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