Tropical Dermatology

Tropical Dermatology

Author: Stephen K. Tyring MD PhD MBA, Omar Lupi MD MSc PhD, Ulrich R. Hengge MD MBA

ISBN: 9780443067907

Tropical Dermatology

Introduction

1: Syndromal tropical dermatology (pages 0-0, 0 images)

2: Working in the tropics (pages 0-0, 0 images)

Protozoa

3: Trypanosomiasis (pages 0-0, 3 images)

Page 30: Distribution of the two forms of African trypanosomiasis in Africa
Page 35: Worldwide distribution of Chagas disease
Page 35: Mud hut with crude wooden walls

4: Leishmaniasis (pages 0-0, 9 images)

Page 43: Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Page 44: Disseminated papules
Page 44: Sarcoid-like lesion on the trunk
Page 44: Lymphangitic leishmaniasis
Page 44: Thousands of pustules
Page 45: Grossly granular vegetation on the palate
Page 45: Hypertrophic cheilitis
Page 46: Giemsa stain of smear
Page 46: Hematoxylin and eosin section of skin

5: Cutaneous manifestations of in… (pages 0-0, 9 images)

Page 51: Classical plaque on the dorsum of the nose
Page 51: Similar lesion in a younger patient
Page 51: Typical progression of the lesion
Page 51: Lesion on the chest
Page 52: Superficial and deep, dense and diffuse, ill-defined granulomas
Page 52: Two amebas seen in skin tissue
Page 53: A trophozoite seen next to the epidermis
Page 53: A sagittal section of brain
Page 53: Brain section stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Helminths

6: Nematodal helminths (pages 0-0, 2 images)

Page 63: Life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus
Page 64: Chronic papular onchodermatitis

7: Other helminths (pages 0-0, 3 images)

Page 72: Countries and territories certified free of dracunculiasis
Page 72: Dracunculiasis per country in 1999
Page 75: Sharply demarcated linear zigzag lesion

8: Cestodes (pages 0-0, 0 images)

9: Trematodes (pages 0-0, 0 images)

Viral Infections

10: HIV and HIV-associated disorde… (pages 0-0, 45 images)

Page 96: Structure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
Page 97: Life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Page 98: Viral exanthema due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seroconversion
Page 99: Molluscum contagiosum
Page 99: Oral candidiasis
Page 99: Kaposi's sarcoma
Page 99: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
Page 100: Cryptococcosis
Page 100: Histoplasmosis
Page 101: Bacillary angiomatosis
Page 101: Herpes zoster
Page 101: Hansen's disease (leprosy)
Page 102: Cutaneous tuberculosis
Page 103: Tuberculids
Page 103: Penile tuberculosis
Page 103: Tuberculous dactilytis right fifth toe with warts (HPV infection)
Page 103: Tuberculosis of cervical lymph node
Page 103: Tuberculoma
Page 104: Amebiasis cutis
Page 104: Toxoplasmosis of the brain
Page 105: Secondary syphilis
Page 105: Anogenital herpes simplex
Page 106: Carcinoma of the penis
Page 106: Giant condyloma accuminata on the vulva
Page 106: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Page 109: Dermatophytosis
Page 109: Tinea versicolor
Page 109: Penicilliosis
Page 110: Bartholin gland abscess
Page 110: Pyoderma
Page 111: Nocardiosis
Page 111: Leishmaniasis
Page 112: Psoriasis
Page 113: Reiter's disease
Page 113: Ichthyosis
Page 114: Eosinophilic folliculitis
Page 114: Stevens–Johnson syndrome
Page 115: Drug reaction due to nevirapine
Page 115: Parotid gland enlargement in sicca syndrome
Page 116: Immune complex vasculitis
Page 116: Vascular ulcer
Page 117: Photosensitivity
Page 117: Addisonian pigmentation of tongue and nails
Page 121: Lipohypertrophy (buffalo hump)
Page 121: Lipoatrophy of the face

11: Hemorrhagic fevers (pages 0-0, 7 images)

Page 128: Macular, papular centripetal rash of Ebola infection
Page 134: Distribution of New-World arenaviruses
Page 135: Distribution of hantaviruses worldwide
Page 137: Dengue distribution worldwide
Page 138: Risk Factors for DHF/DSS: and integral hypothesis
Page 140: Dengue hemorrhagic fever grade III
Page 143: Jaundice due to yellow fever

12: Poxviruses (pages 0-0, 19 images)

Page 147: Clinical evolution of smallpox
Page 149: Smallpox: initial rash
Page 152: Smallpox: day 3 (vesicles)
Page 153: Smallpox: uniform vesicular eruption
Page 153: Smallpox: vesicular umbilicated lesions on the sole
Page 153: Smallpox: Day 5; uniform pustular eruption
Page 153: Smallpox: depigmented scars after loss of crusts
Page 154: Smallpox: scarring after convalescence
Page 154: Complicated smallpox: flat hyporeactive smallpox
Page 154: Complicated smallpox: early hemorrhagic smallpox
Page 154: Complicated smallpox: early hemorrhagic smallpox
Page 154: Complicated smallpox: early hemorrhagic smallpox
Page 154: Complicated smallpox: late hemorrhagic smallpox
Page 155: Complicated smallpox: massive excretion of poxviruses
Page 155: Electron microscopy of an orthopoxvirus (vaccinia virus)
Page 155: Positive reaction at vaccine in occulation site
Page 156: Abortive smallpox after vaccination during incubation
Page 156: Exacerbated reaction to smallpox vaccination
Page 157: Eczema vaccinatum in a grandmother (with atopic dermatitis)

13: Measles (pages 0-0, 1 images)

Page 162: Timeline illustrating the appearance of clinical findings and immune response

14: HTLV-I (pages 0-0, 4 images)

Page 167: Homogeneous-looking flat, smooth papules
Page 167: Combination of tumors and hyperpigmented plaques
Page 167: Acute pompholyx-like palmar vesicles;and crusted papules
Page 168: CD25-positive infiltrate of atypical lymphocytes

15: Tropical manifestations of com… (pages 0-0, 0 images)

Fungal Infections

16: Superficial mycoses and dermat… (pages 0-0, 4 images)

Page 188: Malassezia furfur in stratum corneum, periodic acid–Schiff stain
Page 189: Ectothrix hair invasion by Microsporum canis
Page 190: Favic hair invasion caused by Trichophyton schoenleinii
Page 190: Hyphal aggregate of Microsporum canis in scalp tissue

17: Subcutaneous mycoses (pages 0-0, 18 images)

Page 199: Lesion on right heel
Page 199: Lesion on posterior thigh with gummata
Page 200: Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathology
Page 200: Grocott-stained histopathology of skin
Page 202: Sporotrichosis: fixed cutaneous form
Page 202: Sporotrichosis: fixed cutaneous form
Page 202: Asteroid body within a microabscess
Page 203: Sporotrix schenckii
Page 205: Verrucous and cicatricial lesions
Page 205: Cluster of muriform cells of chromoblastomycosis
Page 207: Red-to-purple, soft, vascular, and lobulated lesion
Page 207: Rhinosporidiosis
Page 209: Infiltrated and keloidal lesions of lobomycosis
Page 209: Lobomycosis
Page 209: Lacazia loboi
Page 212: Zygomycosis: mucormycosis, rhinocerebral form
Page 212: Zygomycosis: entomophthoromycosis, basidiobolomycosis
Page 212: Zygomycosis: mucormycosis

18: Systemic fungal infections (pages 0-0, 14 images)

Page 217: Histoplasmosis: reactivation disease
Page 217: Histoplasmosis: demonstration of yeast cells of Histoplasma
Page 217: Histoplasmosis: agar slide culture
Page 221: Spherules and endospores of Coccidioides immitis in lung tissue
Page 224: Potassium hydroxide preparation of lung tissue
Page 226: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Page 227: Disseminated adenopathy
Page 227: Paracoccidioidomycosis
Page 227: Moriform stomatitis and verrucous lesions
Page 228: Massive dissemination of paracoccidiodomycosis
Page 228: Hematogenous dissemination
Page 229: Extensive lesions of paracoccidiodomycosis
Page 229: Regression of cutaneous and visceral lesions
Page 230: Cutaneous lesions

Bacterial Infections

19: Meningococcal disease (pages 0-0, 3 images)

Page 234: The countries of the meningitis belt
Page 234: Schematic representation of Neisseria meningitidis structure and virulence factors.
Page 238: Classic cutaneous lesions

20: Staphylococcal and streptococc… (pages 0-0, 9 images)

Page 243: Impetigo contagiosa
Page 243: Tinea in the face complicated by impetigo
Page 244: Folliculitis
Page 244: Numerous small folliculitis lesions
Page 245: Highly inflammatory abscess in the neck
Page 245: Ecthyma caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
Page 246: Rapidly expanding erythema with epidermolysis
Page 246: Necrotizing deep ulcerations and blisters
Page 248: Purulent necrotizing fasciitis

21: Mycobacteria (pages 0-0, 14 images)

Page 252: Tuberculous colliquativa cutis
Page 252: Ulcerated scrofuloderma
Page 253: Hypertrophic scars of scrofuloderma
Page 253: Erythema induratum
Page 254: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Page 254: Papulonecrotic tuberculids
Page 257: The nine-banded armadillo
Page 260: The immunologic spectrum of leprosy
Page 260: The Ridley-Jopling classification
Page 264: Leontine facies after longstanding lepromatous leprosy
Page 265: Saddle-nose deformity
Page 266: Lagophthalmos
Page 267: Opacity and blindness
Page 269: The sites at which peripheral nerves are most commonly palpable in leprosy

22: Ricketsial Infections (pages 0-0, 2 images)

23: Ehrlichioses (pages 0-0, 2 images)

24: Bartonellosis (pages 0-0, 18 images)

Page 305: Miliary type of verruga peruana
Page 305: Mular type of verruga peruana
Page 306: Another verruga peruana, mular type
Page 306: Verruga peruana
Page 306: Higher power showing the vascular proliferation
Page 306: Verruga peruana mimicking lymphoma
Page 307: A more sarcomatous , spindle-cell pattern of verruga peruana
Page 307: Solid, spindle-cell pattern of verruga peruana
Page 307: Verruga peruana mimicking lymphoma
Page 308: Bacillary angiomatosis, angiomatous type
Page 308: Bacillary angiomatosis on elbow
Page 308: Bacillary angiomatosis, verrucous type
Page 309: Bacillary angiomatosis: lobular pattern
Page 309: Bacillary angiomatosis: vascular pattern with septa
Page 309: Bacillary angiomatosis: the pattern of vascular proliferation
Page 310: Bacillary angiomatosis: nuclear dust and interstitial purple material
Page 310: Aggregates of bacilli
Page 311: Cat-scratch disease

25: Bacterial sexually transmitted… (pages 0-0, 40 images)

Page 314: Circinate balanitis
Page 314: Keratoderma blennorrhagicum (Reiter's syndrome)
Page 314: Lymphogranuloma venereum with massive inguinal lymphadenopathy
Page 315: Bubo with spontaneous fistulization
Page 315: Later stage of lymphogranuloma venereum with perianal fistulas
Page 315: Staining of the smear (Giemsa, 400x)
Page 317: Severe sequel of neonatal ophthalmia
Page 318: Typical clinical picture of purulent urethritis by gonococci
Page 318: Urethritis together with gonococcal balanoposthitis
Page 318: Urethritis together with gonococcal balanoposthitis
Page 318: Patient with ulcerated balanoposthitis
Page 318: Gonococcal urethritis and fungal balanitis
Page 319: Gonococcal vulvitis in a child victim of sexual abuse
Page 319: Patient with orchiepididymitis as a complication of gonococcal urethritis
Page 319: Gonococcal dermatitis
Page 320: Patient with gonococcal arthritis
Page 320: Presence of various Gram-negative intracellular reniform diplococci
Page 323: Chancroid
Page 323: Chancroid
Page 323: Chancroid
Page 330: Primary syphilis or chancre
Page 330: Secondary syphilis: roseola syphilitica
Page 331: Secondary syphilis: disseminated papular lesions
Page 331: Secondary syphilis: papular and nodular lesions
Page 331: Close-up of figure 26.32
Page 331: Secondary syphilis : annular lesions
Page 332: Secondary syphilis: hyperkeratotic lesions on palms and soles
Page 332: Secondary syphilis: hyperkeratotic and squamous lesions, resembling tinea
Page 333: Secondary syphilis: Biet's collaret on palms
Page 333: Secondary syphilis: condylomata lata on the perianal area
Page 333: Secondary syphilis: patches of alopecia
Page 334: Congenital syphilis: syphilitic pemphigus
Page 334: Congenital syphilis: same patient as in figure 26.40
Page 336: Pinta: transmission of pinta via direct contact with an infected person
Page 337: Pinta: primary stage
Page 337: Pinta: period of cutaneous dissemination
Page 337: Pinta: hyperchromic, hypochromic, and achromic patches
Page 338: Pinta: hyperkeratosis, and achromic lesions
Page 338: Pinta: Hyperchromic and hyperkeratotic patches on the palmar surface. Hyperkeratotic areas on the plantar surface.
Page 338: Pinta: presence of treponeme on the epidermis

26: Other spirochetoses (pages 0-0, 2 images)

Page 346: World distribution of the main Lyme disease tick vectors
Page 349: The evolution of Lyme disease

27: Anthrax, plague, diphtheria, t… (pages 0-0, 8 images)

Page 362: An eschar and local facial carbuncle resulting from the bite of a Yersinia pestis-infected flea
Page 362: A bubo of the femoral lymph nodes in a patient with bubonic plague
Page 368: Endemic areas for Trachoma
Page 370: Follicular conjunctivitis (FT)
Page 370: Intense, diffuse inflammation (TI) with papillary hypertrophy
Page 370: Linear and stellate scarring of upper eyelid tarsus (TS)
Page 370: Trichiasis (TT) and cicatricial entropion of upper eyelid
Page 371: Corneal opacity (CO) from superficial fibrovascular pannus involving visual axis

Ectoparasitic Diseases

28: Scabies (pages 0-0, 17 images)

Page 376: Female scabies mite with eggs
Page 377: Life cycle of scabies
Page 378: Papular vesicular and croded lesions
Page 378: Papular lesions
Page 379: Section through a burrow showing mite parts
Page 379: Scabies of the hand
Page 379: Scabies with secondary streptococcal infection
Page 379: Scabies with secondary infection – elbow
Page 380: Crusted scabies of the elbow – immunosuppressed patient
Page 380: Same patient as in Figure 29.9
Page 380: Crusted scabies in a patient with leprosy
Page 380: Crusted scabies of the hand and wrist
Page 380: Crusted scabies of the shoulder
Page 381: Fatal crusted scabies
Page 381: Severe crusted scabies with fissuring involving the leg
Page 381: Skin biopsy of a fatal case of crusted scabies
Page 382: Presumptive treatment of scabies algorithm

29: Pediculosis (pages 0-0, 7 images)

Page 388: Immersion oil mount of a head louse
Page 388: Head louse nit attached to a hair shaft.
Page 389: Identifying characteristics of a crab louse.
Page 389: Crab louse nits
Page 389: Hair casts
Page 389: Microscopic mount of a pseudonit (hair cast)
Page 391: Immersion oil mount of a crab louse

30: Myiasis (pages 0-0, 7 images)

Page 394: Adult fly of Dermatobia hominis
Page 394: Dermatobia hominis larvae
Page 395: Adult fly of Cochliomyia hominivorax
Page 396: Furunculoid myiasis of the scalp
Page 396: Furunculoid myiasis of the scalp
Page 397: Furunculoid myiasis of the scalp
Page 397: Wound myiasis caused by Cochliomyia hominivorax

31: Nutritional diseases (pages 0-0, 3 images)

Page 407: Kwashiorkor
Page 408: Marasmus
Page 410: Vitamin A deficiency. Perifollicular hyperkeratosis on the arm.

32: Fogo selvagem (pages 0-0, 6 images)

Page 423: Localized form of fogo selvagem
Page 424: Generalized fogo selvagem, vesiculobullous form
Page 424: Generalized fogo selvagem and herpes simplex infection
Page 424: Generalized fogo selvagem, exfoliative erythrodermic form
Page 425: Generalized fogo selvagem, keratotic form
Page 425: Fogo selvagem, hyperpigmented form

33: Pigmentary disorders (pages 0-0, 14 images)

Page 431: Tinea versicolor of the face
Page 431: Widespread pityriasis alba with prominent follicular keratosis
Page 432: Transient postlesional hypochromia
Page 432: Trichrome vitiligo
Page 433: Borderline lepromatous leprosy
Page 433: Creole dyschromia
Page 434: Systemic sclerosis with typical punctuated achromia
Page 434: Hypopigmented variant of sarcoidosis
Page 435: Lichen planus with prominent associated hyperchromia
Page 436: Fixed drug eruption at various stages
Page 436: Exogenous ochronosis in a long-standing user of hydroquinone-based bleaching products
Page 436: Typical palmar pigmenting papular lesions of secondary syphilis
Page 437: ""Blue nails"" associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
Page 438: Late-stage malignant melanoma of the sole

34: Environmental causes of dermat… (pages 0-0, 28 images)

Page 442: Severe case of phototoxic dermatitis
Page 442: Aroeira (Lithraeae brasiliensis)
Page 442: Contact dermatitis
Page 443: Chronic case of contact dermatitis due to aroeira
Page 444: Contact dermatitis due to plants with a mild acanthosis
Page 446: Tropical rat mite
Page 447: Chigger bites
Page 448: Rickettsial eschar
Page 450: Fire ant stings
Page 451: Tropical bedbug
Page 451: Triatome bug
Page 452: Blister beetles
Page 452: Pulex irritans
Page 454: Centipede jaws
Page 454: Centipede bite
Page 454: Millipede
Page 460: Papules and vesicles resulting from exposure to the tentacles of Chrysaora plocamia
Page 463: Conus textile, the poisonous cone shell
Page 464: Octopus lunulatus
Page 464: The beak of an octopus
Page 464: Radiograph of the hand of a patient who experienced a puncture wound from a catfish
Page 464: Serrassalmus spilopleura, the piranha
Page 465: A stingray
Page 465: Freshwater stingrays
Page 465: Serrated barbs of a marine stingray
Page 466: Hemorrhagic effects of a weeverfish sting
Page 466: Scorpaena plumieri, the scorpionfish
Page 466: A stonefish

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