Neuroscience - Felten 1E

Author: David L. Felten, MD, PhD and Ralph Jozefowicz

ISBN: 9781929007165

Overview of the Nervous System

1: Neurons and Their Properties (pages 4-20, 16 images)

Page 4: Neuronal Structure
Page 5: Types of Synapses
Page 6: Neuronal Cell Types
Page 7: Glial Cell Types
Page 8: Myelination of CNS and PNS Axons
Page 9: Development of Myelination and Axon Ensheathment
Page 10: High Magnification View of a Central Myelin Sheath
Page 11: Synaptic Morphology
Page 12: Chemical Neurotransmission: Amino Acid, Catecholamine, Serotonin, Peptidergic, and Cholinergic Synapses
Page 14: Neuronal Resting Potential
Page 15: Graded Potentials in Nuerons
Page 16: Action Potentials
Page 17: Propagation of the Action Potential
Page 18: Conduction Velocity
Page 19: Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Inhibition
Page 20: Spatial and Temporal Summation

2: Brain (pages 21-34, 17 images)

Page 21: Interior View of the Base of the Adult Skull
Page 22: Foramina in the Base of the Adult Skull
Page 23: Surface Anatomy of the Forebrain: Lateral View
Page 24: Lateral View of the Forebrain: Brodmann Areas
Page 24: Lateral View of the Forebrain: Functional Regions
Page 25: Anatomy of the Medial (Midsagittal) Surface of the Brain
Page 26: Medial Surface of the Brain: Lobes and Functional Areas
Page 26: Medial Surface of the Brain: Brodmann Areas
Page 27: Anatomy of the Basal Surface of the Brain: With the Brain Stem and Cerebellum Removed
Page 28: Basal Surface of the Brain: Functional Areas and Brodmann Areas
Page 29: Horizontal Brain Sections Showing the Basal Ganglia
Page 30: Major Limbic Forebrain Structures
Page 31: Corpus Callosum - Horizontal View
Page 31: Corpus Callosum: Schematic View of the Lateral Extent of Major Components
Page 32: Hippocampal Formation and Fornix
Page 33: Thalamic Anatomy
Page 34: Thalamic Nuclei

3: Brain Stem and Cerebellum (pages 35-36, 2 images)

Page 35: Brain Stem Surface Anatomy: Posterolateral and Anterior Views
Page 36: Cerebellar Anatomy: External and Internal Features

4: Spinal Cord (pages 37-41, 5 images)

Page 37: Spinal Column: Bony Anatomy
Page 38: Spinal Cord Gross Anatomy in Situ
Page 39: The Spinal Cord, It's Meninges, and Spinal Roots
Page 40: Spinal Cord - Cross Sectional Anatomy in Situ
Page 41: Spinal Cord White and Gray Matter

5: Meninges (pages 42-42, 1 images)

Page 42: Schematic of the Meninges and Their Relationship to the Brain

6: Ventricles and Cerebrospinal S… (pages 43-45, 3 images)

Page 43: Ventricular Anatomy
Page 44: Anatomy of the Fourth Ventricle
Page 45: Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

7: Vasculature (pages 46-66, 22 images)

Page 46: Meningeal Arteries: Relationship to Skull and Dura
Page 47: Arterial Supply to the Brain and the Meninges
Page 48: Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Basal View
Page 49: Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Frontal View and Coronal Section
Page 50: Schematic of Arteries to the Brain
Page 51: Schematic of the Circle of Willis
Page 52: Arterial Distribution to the Brain: Lateral and Medial Views
Page 53: Color Illustration of Territories of the Cerebral Arteries
Page 54: Angiographic Anatomy of the Internal Carotid Circulation
Page 54: Angiographic Anatomy of the Vertebrobasilar System
Page 55: Vertebrobasilar Arterial System
Page 56: Vascular Supply to the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
Page 57: Meninges and Superficial Cerebral Veins
Page 58: Veins: Superficial Cerebral, Meningeal, Diploic, and Emissary
Page 59: Venous Sinuses
Page 60: Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain
Page 61: Deep Venous Drainage of the Brain: Relationship to Ventricles
Page 62: Venous Drainage of the Brain Stem and the Cerebellum
Page 63: Arterial Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord: Longitudinal View
Page 64: Anterior and Posterior Spinal Arteries and Their Distribution.
Page 65: Arterial Supply to the Spinal Cord: Cross Sectional View.
Page 66: Venous Drainage of the Spinal Cord.

8: Developmental Neuroscience (DV… (pages 67-85, 16 images)

Page 67: Formation of the Neural Plate, Neural Tube, and Neural Crest
Page 68: Neurulation
Page 69: Neural Tube Development and Neural Crest Formation
Page 70: Neural Proliferation and Differentiation: Walls of the Neural Tube
Page 71: Neural Tube and Neural Crest Derivatives
Page 72: Early Brain Development: The 28-Day-Old Embryo
Page 73: Early Brain Development: The-36-Day Old Embryo
Page 74: Early Brain Development: The 49-Day-Old and the 3-Month-Old Embryos
Page 75: Forebrain Development: 7 Weeks Through 3 Months
Page 76: The 6-Month and 9-Month Central Nervous System
Page 77: Development of the Ventricles
Page 78: Comparison of 5-1/2 Week and Adult Central Nervous System Regions
Page 79: Development of Motor and Preganglionic Autonomic Nuclei in the Brain Stem and the Spinal Cord
Page 80: Alar and Basal Plate Derivatives in the Brain Stem
Page 81: Development of the Fourth Ventricle
Page 82: Development of Peripheral Axons

Regional Neuroscience

9: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS… (pages 86-140, 56 images)

Page 86: Schematic of the Spinal Cord with Sensory, Motor and Autonomic Components of Peripheral Nerves
Page 87: Relationship of Spinal Nerve Roots to Vertebrae
Page 88: Sensory Channels: Reflex
Page 88: Sensory Channels: Cerebellar
Page 89: Sensory Channels: Lemniscal
Page 90: Motor Channels: Basic Organization of Lower and Upper Motor Neurons
Page 91: Autonomic Channels
Page 92: Cutaneous Receptors
Page 93: Pacinian Corpuscles
Page 94: Interoceptors
Page 95: Skin and Its Nerves
Page 96: Neuromuscular Neurotransmission
Page 97: Neuroeffector Junctions
Page 98: Dermatomal Distribution
Page 99: Cervical Plexus
Page 100: Phrenic Nerve
Page 101: Thoracic Nerves
Page 102: Brachial Plexus
Page 103: Cutaneous Innervation of the Upper Limb
Page 104: Scapular, Axillary, and Radial Nerves Above the Elbow
Page 105: Radial Nerve in the Forearm
Page 106: Musculocutaneous Nerve
Page 107: Median Nerve
Page 108: Ulnar Nerve
Page 109: Lumbar Plexus
Page 110: Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
Page 111: Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
Page 112: Obturator Nerve
Page 113: Sciatic and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
Page 114: Tibial Nerve
Page 115: Common Peroneal Nerve
Page 116: General Schema of the Autonomic Nervous System
Page 117: Innervation of Organs of the Immune System and Metabolic Organs
Page 118: Reflex Pathways
Page 119: Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses
Page 120: Schematic of Cholinergic and Adrenergic Distribution to Motor and Autonomic Structures
Page 121: Autonomic Distribution to the Head and the Neck: Medial View
Page 122: Autonomic Distribution to the Head and the Neck: Lateral View
Page 123: Schematic of Autonomic Distribution to the Head and the Neck
Page 124: Autonomic Distribution to the Eye
Page 125: Innervation of the Limbs
Page 126: Thoracic Sympathetic Chain and Splanchnic Nerves
Page 127: Innervation of Tracheobronchial Tree
Page 128: Innervation of the Heart
Page 129: Abdominal Nerves and Ganglia
Page 130: Innervation of the Stomach and the Proximal Duodenum
Page 131: Innervation of the Small and Large Intestines
Page 132: Enteric Nervous System: Longitudinal View
Page 133: Enteric Nervous System: Cross Sectional View
Page 134: Innervation of the Liver and the Biliary Tract
Page 135: Innervation of the Adrenal Gland
Page 136: Autonomic Pelvic Nerves and Ganglia
Page 137: Innervation of the Kidney and the Upper Ureter
Page 138: Innervation of the Urinary Bladder and the Lower Ureter
Page 139: Innervation of the Male Reproductive Organs
Page 140: Innervation of the Female Reproductive Organs

10: Spinal Cord (pages 141-149, 9 images)

Page 141: Cytoarchitecture of the Spinal Cord Gray Matter
Page 142: Spinal Cord Levels: Cervical
Page 143: Spinal Cord Levels: Thoracic
Page 144: Spinal Cord Levels: Lumbar
Page 145: Spinal Cord Levels: Sacral
Page 146: Spinal Cord Lower Motor Neuron Control
Page 147: Spinal Somatic Reflex Pathways
Page 148: Muscle and Joint Receptors and Muscle Spindles
Page 149: The Muscle Stretch Reflex and its Central Control Via Gamma Motor Neurons

11: Brain Stem and Cerebellum (pages 150-175, 33 images)

Page 150: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Spinal Cord Transition - Decussation of the Pyramids
Page 150: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of the Dorsal Column Nuclei
Page 151: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of the Obex
Page 151: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of the inferior Olive
Page 152: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medullo-Pontine Junction - Level of the Cochlear Nuclei
Page 152: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Medulla-Level of CN X and the Vestibular Nuclei
Page 153: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons - Level of the Facial Nucleus
Page 153: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons - Level of the Genu of the Facial Nerve
Page 154: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons-Midbrain Junction - Level of CN IV and Locus Coeruleus
Page 154: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Pons - Level of Trigeminal Motor and Main Sensory Nuclei
Page 155: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain - Level of the Inferior Colliculus
Page 155: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain - Level of the Superior Colliculus
Page 156: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain - Level of the Medial Geniculate Body
Page 156: Brain Stem Cross Sectional Anatomy: Midbrain-Diencephalon Junction - Level of the Posterior Commissure
Page 157: Cranial Nerves: Schematic of Distribution of Sensory, Motor, and Autonomic Fibers
Page 158: Cranial Nerves and Their Nuclei: View from Above
Page 159: Nerves of the Orbit and the Ciliary Ganglion: Dorsal View and Cross Section Through the Cavernous Sinus
Page 160: Extraocular Nerves (III, IV, and VI) and the Ciliary Ganglion: View in Relation to the Eye
Page 161: Trigeminal Nerve (V)
Page 162: Facial Nerve (VII)
Page 163: Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)
Page 164: Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
Page 165: Vagus Nerve (X)
Page 166: Accessory Nerve (XI)
Page 167: Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
Page 168: Afferent Innervation of the Mouth and the Pharynx
Page 169: Reticular Formation: General Pattern of Nuclei in the Brain Stem
Page 170: Reticular Formation: Nuclei and Areas in the Brain Stem and Diencephalon
Page 171: Major Afferent Connections to the Reticular Formation
Page 172: Sleep-Wakefulness Control
Page 173: Cerebellar Organization: Lobes and Regions
Page 174: Cerebellar Anatomy: Lobules
Page 175: Cerebellar Anatomy: Deep Nuclei and Cerebellar Peduncles

12: Diencephalon (pages 176-178, 3 images)

Page 176: Thalamic Anatomy and Interconnections with the Cerebral Cortex
Page 177: The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
Page 178: Schematic of Hypothalamic Nuclei

13: Telencephalon (pages 179-213, 32 images)

Page 179: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Mid Pons
Page 180: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Rostral Pons
Page 181: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Midbrain
Page 182: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Rostral Midbrain and Hypothalamus
Page 183: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Anterior Commissure and Caudal Thalamus
Page 184: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Head of Caudate and Midthalamus
Page 185: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Basal Ganglia and Internal Capsule
Page 186: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Dorsal Caudate, Splenium, and Genu of Corpus Callosum
Page 187: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Body of Corpus Callosum
Page 188: Horizontal Sections Through the Forebrain: Centrum Semiovale
Page 189: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Genu of Corpus Callosum
Page 190: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Head of Caudate Nucleus/Nucleus Accumbens
Page 191: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Anterior Commissure/Columns of Fornix
Page 192: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Amygdala, Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule
Page 193: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Mammillary Bodies
Page 194: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Mammillothalamic Tract/Substantia Nigra, Rostral Hippocampus
Page 195: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Midthalamus
Page 196: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Geniculate Nuclei
Page 197: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Caudal Pulvinar and Superior Colliculus
Page 198: Coronal Sections Through the Forebrain: Splenium of Corpus Callosum
Page 199: Layers of the Cerebral Cortex
Page 200: Cortical Neuronal Cell Types
Page 201: Vertical Columns: Functional Units of the Cerebral Cortex
Page 202: Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
Page 203: Neuronal Origins of Efferent Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
Page 204: Cortical Association Pathways
Page 205: Major Cortical Association Bundles
Page 206: Noradrenergic Pathways
Page 207: Serotonergic Pathways
Page 208: Dopaminergic Pathways
Page 209: Central Cholinergic Pathways
Page 210: Olfactory Nerve and Nerves of the Nose

Systemic Neuroscience

14: Sensory Systems (pages 214-239, 26 images)

Page 214: Somatosensory Afferents to the Spinal Cord
Page 215: Somatosensory System: Spinocerebellar Pathways
Page 216: Somatosensory System: The Dorsal Column System and Epicritic Modalities
Page 217: Somatosensory System: The Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Systems and Protopathic Modalities
Page 218: Spinothalamic and Spinoreticular Nociceptive Processing in the Spinal Cord
Page 219: Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain and Sympathetically Maintained Pain
Page 220: Descending Control of Ascending Somatosensory Systems
Page 221: Trigeminal Sensory and Associated Sensory Systems
Page 222: Anatomy of Taste Buds and Their Receptors
Page 223: Taste Pathways
Page 224: Peripheral Pathways for Sound Reception
Page 225: Bony and Membranous Labyrinths
Page 226: Vlll Nerve Innervation of Hair Cells of the Organ of Corti
Page 227: Cochlear Receptors
Page 228: Afferent Auditory Pathways
Page 229: Centrifugal (Efferent) Auditory Pathways
Page 230: Vestibular Receptors
Page 231: Vestibular Pathways
Page 232: Nystagmus
Page 233: Anatomy of the Eye
Page 234: Anterior and Posterior Chambers of the Eye
Page 235: The Retina and the Photoreceptors
Page 236: Arteries and Veins of the Eye
Page 237: Visual Pathways - Retinal Projections to the Thalamus and the Brain Stem
Page 238: Visual Pathways: The Retino-Geniculo-Calcarine Pathway
Page 239: Visual Pathways in the Parietal and Temporal Lobes

15: Motor Systems (pages 240-263, 23 images)

Page 240: Lower Motor Neuron Distribution in the Spinal Cord and the Brain Stem
Page 241: Alpha and Gamma Lower Motor Neurons
Page 242: Cortical Efferent Pathways
Page 243: Corticobulbar Tract (CBT)
Page 244: Corticospinal Tract
Page 245: Corticospinal Tract Terminations in the Spinal Cord
Page 246: Rubrospinal Tract
Page 247: Vestibulospinal Tracts
Page 248: Reticulospinal and Corticoreticular Pathways
Page 249: Tectospinal Tract and Interstitiospinal Tract
Page 250: Spinal Cord Terminations of Major Descending Upper Motor Neuron Tracts
Page 251: Central Control of Eye Movements
Page 252: Central Control of Respiration
Page 253: Functional Subdivisions of the Cerebellum
Page 254: Cerebellar Neuronal Circuitry
Page 255: Circuit Diagrams of Afferent Connections in the Cerebellum
Page 256: Afferent Pathways to the Cerbellum
Page 257: Cerebellar Efferent Pathways
Page 258: Vestibulocerebellar and Cerebellovestibular Pathways
Page 259: Schematic Diagrams of Efferent Pathways from the Cerebellum to Upper Motor Neuronal Systems
Page 260: Connections of the Basal Ganglia
Page 262: Parallel Loops of Circuitry Through the Basal Ganglia
Page 263: Connections of Nucleus Accumbens

16: Autonomic, Hypothalamic, and L… (pages 264-298, 35 images)

Page 264: General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System
Page 265: General Anatomy of the Hypothalamus
Page 266: Sections Through the Hypothalamus: Preoptic and Supraoptic Zones
Page 267: Sections Through the Hypothalamus: Tuberal Zone
Page 268: Sections Through the Hypothalamus: Mammillary Zone
Page 269: Schematic Reconstruction of the Hypothalamus
Page 270: Forebrain Regions Associated with the Hypothalamus
Page 271: Afferent and Efferent Pathways Associated with the Hypothalamus
Page 272: Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Afferent Pathways
Page 273: Schematic Diagram of Major Hypothalamic Efferent Pathways
Page 274: Summary of General Hypothalamic Connections
Page 275: Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Regulation of Pituitary Neurohormonal Outflow, Autonomic Preganglionic Outflow, and Limbic Activity
Page 276: Mechanisms of Cytokine Influences on the Hypothalamus and Other Brain Regions and on Behavior
Page 277: Circumventricular Organs
Page 278: Hypophyseal Portal Vasculature
Page 279: Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Hormone Secretion
Page 280: Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophyseal) Hormones: Oxytocin and Vasopressin
Page 281: Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone) Regulation of Water Balance and Fluid Osmolality
Page 282: The Hypothalamus and Thermoregulation
Page 283: Short-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure
Page 284: Long-Term Regulation of Blood Pressure
Page 285: Neural Control of Appetite and Hunger
Page 286: Neural and Neuroendocrine Roles in the Fight-or-Flight Response
Page 287: Neuroimmunomodulation
Page 288: Anatomy of the Limbic Forebrain
Page 289: Hippocampal Formation: General Anatomy
Page 290: Neuronal Connections in the Hippocampal Formation
Page 291: Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Hippocampal Formation
Page 292: Major Afferent Connections of the Amygdala
Page 293: Major Efferent Connections of the Amygdala
Page 294: Summary of Major Afferents, Efferents, and Interconnections of the Amygdala
Page 295: Major Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Septal Nuclei
Page 296: Major Connections of the Cingulate Cortex
Page 297: Olfactory Receptors
Page 298: Olfactory Pathways

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