Orthopaedic Clinical Examination - Cleland 2E

Orthopaedic Clinical Examination - Cleland 2E

An Evidence-Based Approach

Author: Joshua A. Cleland, PT, PhD, and Shane Koppenhaver, PT, PhD

ISBN: 9781437713848

1: The Reliability and Diagnostic… (pages 1-14, 6 images)

Page 5: Sensitivity and Specificity Example
Page 5: 100% Sensitivity
Page 6: Orthopaedic Clinical Examination: 100% Specificity
Page 8: Fagan's Nomogram
Page 9: Nomogram Representing the Change In Pretest Probability
Page 10: Probability and Likelihood Ratios

2: Temporomandibular Joint (pages 15-64, 28 images)

Page 17: Skull and Neck
Page 18: Skull: Mandible
Page 19: Skull: Lateral View
Page 20: Temporomandibular Joint
Page 20: Temporomandibular Joint Mechanics
Page 21: Temporomandibular Joint Ligaments
Page 22: Muscles Involved In Mastication
Page 23: Muscles Involved in Mastication
Page 24: Floor of Mouth: Lateral, Slightly Inferior View
Page 25: Floor of Mouth
Page 26: Mandibular Nerve (V3)
Page 27: The Association of Oral Habits With Temporomandibular Disorders
Page 28: Temporomandibular Joint Pain
Page 32: Detecting Anterior Disc Displacement of the Temporomandibular Joint
Page 32: Accuracy of Clinical Criteria for Classifying Internal Derangement and Arthrosis
Page 35: Diagnostic Criteria for Detecting Intra-articular Temporomandibular Disorders
Page 36: Palpation Tests
Page 40: Detecting Osteoarthrosis In the Temporomandibular Joint
Page 42: Range-of-Motion Measurements of the Temporomandibular Joint
Page 44: Joint Play and End-Feel Assessment of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
Page 47: Assessment of Pain During Passive Opening
Page 48: Identifying Patients With Craniomandibular Pain
Page 49: Temporomandibular Traction
Page 51: Manual Resistance Applied During Mouth Opening and Closing
Page 52: Bilateral Temporomandibular Compression
Page 54: Accuracy of Combined Tests for Detecting Anterior Disc Displacement With Reduction
Page 56: Combined Tests for Detecting Anterior Disc Displacement Without Reduction
Page 58: Occlusal Stabilization Splint

3: Cervical Spine (pages 65-130, 36 images)

Page 67: Bony Framework of Head and Neck
Page 68: Cervical Spine
Page 69: Joints of the Cervical Spine
Page 70: Internal Craniocervical Ligaments
Page 71: External Craniocervical Ligaments
Page 72: Muscles of Neck: Anterior View
Page 73: Extrinsic Muscles of the Larynx and Their Action Infrahyoid and Suprahyoid Muscles
Page 75: Scalene and Prevertebral Muscles
Page 77: Suboccipital Triangle
Page 79: Brachial Plexus: Schema
Page 80: Cervical Zygapophyseal Pain Syndromes
Page 81: Pain Referral Patterns
Page 83: Cervical Radiculopathy
Page 85: Dermal Segmentation of Upper Limb
Page 87: Manual Muscle Testing of the Upper Limb
Page 89: Cervical Radiculopathy: Muscle Stretch Reflexes
Page 90: Compression Fractures of Cervical Spine
Page 94: Range of Motion
Page 98: Overpressure Testing
Page 99: Cervical Flexor Endurance
Page 100: Assessing Limited Passive Intervertebral Motion
Page 102: Testing Side Bending of C5-C6
Page 103: Posteroanterior Central Glides to the Mid Cervical Spine
Page 106: Scheuermann's Disease
Page 107: Muscle Length Assessment
Page 108: Cervical Compression Test
Page 109: Spurling's Test
Page 110: Neck Distraction and Traction Tests
Page 111: Shoulder Abduction Test
Page 113: Upper Limb Tension Tests
Page 115: Sharp-Purser Test
Page 116: Cervical Disc Herniation
Page 117: Fagan's Nomogram
Page 119: Cervical Manipulation
Page 121: Thoracic Spine Manipulation and Active Range of Motion
Page 124: Cervical Traction

4: Thoracolumbar Spine (pages 131-198, 37 images)

Page 133: Thoracic Vertebrae
Page 133: Lumbar Vertebrae
Page 134: Thoracic Vertebrae
Page 134: Ribs and Sternocostal Joints
Page 135: Joints of the Thoracic Spine
Page 136: Joints of the Lumbar Spine
Page 137: Costovertebral Joints
Page 138: Vertebral Ligaments: Lumbar Region Ligaments of the Spinal Column
Page 140: Muscles of Back: Superficial Layers Superficial Muscles: Posterior Neck and Back
Page 141: Muscles of Back: Intermediate Layers Spenius and Erector Spinae Muscles
Page 142: Muscles of Back: Deep Layers Transversospinal, Interspinal, Intertransverse, and Suboccipital Muscles Deep Muscles: Posterior Neck and Back
Page 143: Muscles of Anterior Abdominal Wall
Page 144: Thoracolumbar Fascia
Page 145: Thoracoabdominal Nerves Course of Typical Thoracic Nerve Innervation of Abdomen and of Perineum
Page 146: Lumbar Plexus Nerves: Lumbar Plexus
Page 148: Innervation of Abdomen and of Perineum Lumbosacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
Page 150: Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joint Pain Referral Patterns
Page 151: Zygapophyseal Pain Patterns of the Thoracic Spine
Page 155: Ankylosing Spondylitis
Page 157: Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (Lumbar); Clinical Features
Page 158: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Testing
Page 160: Range of Motion Measurement
Page 161: Pain Provocation During Active Movements
Page 162: Modified Biering-Sorensen
Page 164: Accentuated Spinal Curvatures
Page 167: Assessment of Posteroanterior Segmental Mobility
Page 168: Segmental Mobility Examination
Page 170: Prevalence Rates of "Fixations" Detected During Motion Palpation
Page 171: Assessing Lumbar Passive Physiological Intervertebral Motion (PPIVM)
Page 174: Centralization Phenomena
Page 175: Straight-Leg Raise
Page 178: Slump Test
Page 179: Role of Inflammation In Lumbar Pain
Page 181: Prone Instability Test
Page 183: Degenerative Disc Disease
Page 185: Nomogram Representing the Posttest Probability of Lumbar Instability
Page 190: Indentifying Patients Likely to Benefit From Spinal Manipulation

5: Sacroiliac Region (pages 199-242, 30 images)

Page 201: Bony Framework of Abdomen Bony Framework of Abdominopelvic Cavity Landmarks and Other Structures
Page 202: Sacrum and Coccyx Osteology
Page 203: Coxal Bone
Page 204: Sex Differences of Pelvis: Measurements
Page 205: Sacroiliac Joint
Page 206: Bones and Ligaments of Pelvis
Page 207: Sacroiliac Region Muscles
Page 209: Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses
Page 210: Sacroiliac Dysfunction
Page 212: Sacroiliac Joint Pain Referral Patterns
Page 212: Sacroiliac Joint Pain Referral Patterns
Page 215: Assessment of Iliac Crest Symmetry In Standing
Page 221: Patrick Test
Page 221: Thigh Thrust
Page 221: Compression Test
Page 222: Sacral Thrust Test
Page 222: Gaenslen Test
Page 223: Distraction Test
Page 224: Mennell's Test
Page 225: Resisted Abduction of the Hip
Page 227: Gillet Test
Page 228: Spring Test (Joint Play Assessment)
Page 229: Long-Sit Test (Supine to Sit Test)
Page 230: Standing Flexion Test
Page 231: Sitting Flexion Test
Page 232: Prone Knee Bend Test
Page 234: Sacroiliac Pain Provocation Test
Page 235: Cluster of Tests for Sacroiliac Dysfunction After the McKenzie Evaluation to Rule Out Discogenic Pain
Page 236: Indentifying Patients Likely to Benefit From Spinal Manipulation
Page 237: Nomogram for Bayes' Theorem

6: Hip and Pelvis (pages 243-282, 20 images)

Page 245: Coxal Bone
Page 245: Femur: Lines of Attachment and Reflection of Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Capsule
Page 246: Hip and Pelvis Joints
Page 247: Hip Joint
Page 249: Muscles of Back of Hip and Thigh Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Posterior Views
Page 251: Muscles of Front of Hip and Thigh
Page 252: Nerves of Buttock
Page 253: Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Deep Dissection (anterior view)Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Anterior Views
Page 256: Measurement of Passive Range of Motion
Page 259: Hip Joint Involvement in Osteoarthritis
Page 261: Passive Range of Motion Measurement
Page 262: Osteonecrosis After Fracture
Page 263: Detecting Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip In Infants: Limited Hip
Page 267: Detecting Osteoarthritis of the Hip: The Cyriax Capsular Pattern
Page 268: Tests for Iliotibial Band Length
Page 269: Thomas Test
Page 271: Measurement of Muscle Length With a Bubble Inclinometer
Page 275: Detecting Acetabular Labral Tears: Internal Rotation - Flexion - Axial Compression Maneuver
Page 276: Percussion Test
Page 277: Thigh and Hip Trauma

7: Knee (pages 283-334, 38 images)

Page 285: Femur
Page 285: Tibia and Fibula
Page 286: Sagittal Knee
Page 287: Posterior Ligaments of Knee
Page 288: Interior and Anterior Ligaments of Knee
Page 289: Anterior Muscles of Knee
Page 291: Knee: Lateral and Medial Views
Page 292: Obturator Nerve
Page 293: Femoral Nerve and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerves
Page 294: Sciatic Nerve (L4, L5; S1, S2, S3) and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (S1, S2, S3) Sciatic Nerve and Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh
Page 295: Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Page 296: Joint Pathology In Osteoarthritis
Page 297: Sprains of Knee Ligaments
Page 298: Identifying the Need to Order Radiographs Following Acute Knee Trauma
Page 299: Nomogram for Bayes' Theorem
Page 300: Detecting Cardinal Signs of Inflammation of Knee: Fluctuation Test
Page 301: Measurement of Active Knee Flexion Range of Motion
Page 302: Assessment of End-Feel for Knee Flexion
Page 305: Quadriceps Length
Page 306: Examination of Mediolateral Patellar Tilt
Page 307: Examination of Mediolateral Patellar Orientation
Page 308: Examination of Anterior Or Posterior Patellar Tilt
Page 309: Examination of Patellar Rotation
Page 310: Quadriceps Angle Measurements
Page 311: Patella
Page 312: Palpation of Joint Lines
Page 313: Testing Integrity of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using Lachman Test
Page 314: Detecting Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures: The Anterior Drawer Test
Page 315: Pivot Shift Test
Page 316: Valgus and Varus Stress Tests
Page 317: McMurray's Test
Page 318: Diagnosing a Meniscal Lesion: Apley Grinding Test
Page 319: Ege's Test
Page 320: Thessaly Test
Page 321: Moving Patellar Apprehension Test
Page 323: Tears of Meniscus
Page 325: Nomogram for Bayes' Theorem
Page 326: Hip Mobilization Technique Used In the Management of Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis

8: Foot and Ankle (pages 335-376, 34 images)

Page 337: Bones of Foot
Page 338: Bones of Foot
Page 339: Talocrural (Hinge) Joint
Page 340: Posterior Ankle
Page 341: Lateral Ligaments of Ankle
Page 342: Medial Ligaments of Ankle
Page 343: Capsules and Ligaments of Metatarsophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints
Page 344: Tendon Insertions and Ligaments of Sole of Foot
Page 346: Muscles of Leg: Lateral View
Page 347: Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg: Deep Dissection (posterior view) Muscles of Leg (Deep Dissection): Posterior View Muscles: Deep Posterior Compartment
Page 348: Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Front of Ankle and Dorsum of Foot: Deeper Dissection Dorsum of Foot: Deep Dissection
Page 349: Muscles of Sole of Foot: First Layer
Page 350: Muscles of Sole of Foot: Second Layer
Page 351: Muscles of Sole of Foot: Third Layer
Page 352: Interosseous Muscles and Plantar Arterial Arch Interosseous Muscles and Deep Arteries of Foot
Page 353: Common Peroneal Nerve (L4, L5; S1, S2) Common Fibular (Peroneal) Nerve
Page 354: Tibial Nerve (L4, L5; S1, S2, S3)
Page 357: Detecting Ligamentous Injuries: Tibiofibular Syndesmosis (Squeeze Test)
Page 357: Proprioceptive Measures: Dorsiflexion / Compression Test
Page 357: Ottawa Ankle Rules
Page 358: Nomogram for Bayes' Theorem
Page 360: Lunge Measurements
Page 360: Measurements of Relaxed Calcaneal Stance Position
Page 361: Diagnostic Utility of the Paper Grip Test for Detecting Toe Plantarflexion Strength Deficits
Page 362: Measurement of Navicular Height
Page 363: Assessment of Medial Arch Height: Measurement of Arch Angle
Page 364: Measuring Forefoot Position: Determination of Forefoot Varus and Valgus
Page 366: Single Leg Hop Test
Page 367: Accuracy of the Functional Hallux Limitus Test to Predict Abnormal Excessive Midtarsal Function During Gait
Page 368: Figure-of-Eight Measurement
Page 369: The Feet In Rheumatoid Arthritis
Page 370: Impingement Sign
Page 371: Windlass Test
Page 372: Anterior Drawer Sign of Ankle for Test of Talofibular Ligaments

9: Shoulder (pages 377-438, 38 images)

Page 379: Scapula and Humerus
Page 379: Shoulder: Bones (Pectoral Girdle)
Page 380: Sternoclavicular Joint
Page 381: Scapulohumeral Rhythm
Page 382: Shoulder Ligaments: Anterior View
Page 383: Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint
Page 384: Shoulder: Muscles
Page 385: Shoulder: Muscles
Page 386: Muscles of Rotator Cuff
Page 388: Axilla (Dissection): Anterior View Shoulder and Axilla: Deep Dissection
Page 390: Range of Motion Measurements
Page 391: Measuring Internal Rotation: Hand Behind Back Method
Page 393: Measuring Pectoralis Minor Muscle Strength
Page 394: Rotator Cuff Tears (Unspecified Muscles)
Page 396: Detecting Scapular Asymmetry
Page 397: Adhesive Capsulitis of Shoulder (Frozen Shoulder)
Page 398: Shoulder Instability
Page 399: Apprehension Test
Page 400: Relocation Test
Page 401: Anterior Drawer Test
Page 402: Detecting Labral Tears: Crank Test
Page 404: Compression Rotation Test
Page 405: Detecting Biceps Tendon Lesions: Speed Test
Page 406: Active Compression Test
Page 408: Yergason Test
Page 409: Detecting Labral Tears: Anterior Slide Test
Page 410: Kim and Jerk Tests
Page 413: Detecting Subacromial Impingement: Hawkins and Kennedy Test
Page 414: Detecting Subacromial Impingement: Neer Test
Page 416: Detecting Subacromial Impingement: Horizontal Adduction Test
Page 416: Detecting Subacromial Impingement: Yocum Test
Page 417: Internal Rotation Resistance Strength Test
Page 418: Detecting Rotator Cuff Tears: Historical Examination
Page 418: Supraspinatus Tear: Empty Can
Page 419: Hornblower's Sign
Page 424: Lift-Off-Test
Page 425: Brachial Plexus: Schema
Page 426: Detecting Acromioclavicular Lesions

10: Elbow and Forearm (pages 439-460, 14 images)

Page 441: Bones of Elbow
Page 442: Anterior and Posterior Opened Eblow Joint
Page 443: Ligaments of Elbow
Page 444: Forearm: Bones
Page 445: Muscles of Forearm (Deep Layer): Posterior View
Page 446: Muscles of Forearm (Intermediate Layer): Anterior View
Page 447: Individual Muscles of Forearm: Rotators of Radius
Page 448: Arteries, Nerves, and Muscles of Upper Limb (Anterior View) Muscles of Forearm (Deep Layer): Anterior View
Page 449: Epicondylitis
Page 450: Range-of-Motion Measurements: Elbow Flexion and Extension
Page 451: Forearm Supination and Pronation Measurements
Page 452: End-Feel for Elbow Flexion and Extension Assessment
Page 454: Detecting Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Tinel Sign
Page 455: Detecting Medial Collateral Tears

11: Wrist and Hand (pages 461-508, 31 images)

Page 463: Carpal Bones Osteology of the Wrist The Carpal Bones
Page 464: Bones of Wrist and Hand
Page 465: Wrist Joint
Page 467: Ligaments of Volar Aspect of Wrist with Transverse Carpal Ligament Removed Ligaments of Wrist Joints: Wrist
Page 468: Posterior Ligaments of Wrist
Page 469: Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Ligaments Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints
Page 470: Individual Muscles of Forearm: Extensors of Wrist and Digits
Page 471: Individual Muscles of Forearm: Flexors of Wrist
Page 472: Individual Muscles of Forearm: Flexors of Digits
Page 473: Intrinsic Muscles of Hand
Page 474: Intrinsic Muscles of Hand
Page 475: Median Nerve
Page 476: Ulnar Nerve
Page 477: Radial Nerve in Forearm
Page 480: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Page 482: Testing for Tenderness of Anatomical Snuff Box
Page 483: Acute Pediatric Wrist Fractures: Clinical Prediction Rule
Page 484: Range-of-Motion Measurements of Wrist: Flexion
Page 485: Wrist Range of Motion
Page 486: Range-of-Motion Measurements of Fingers: Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Flexion
Page 487: Hand-Held Dynamometry: Measurement of Grip Strength
Page 488: Measurement of Pinch Strength
Page 491: Figure-of-Eight Measurement
Page 493: Testing Sensation
Page 494: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Tinel Sign
Page 496: Phalen's Test
Page 498: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Carpal Compression Test
Page 499: Upper Limb Tension Test A
Page 500: Detecting Carpal Instability
Page 501: Ulnar Fovea Sign
Page 502: Nomogram for Bayes' Theorem

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