Summary of syphilis diagnosis and management. †If suspicion for primary syphilis is high, treat as early syphilis. *RPR or VDRL titer ≥1:32 suggests infection in the prior year. CIA, Chemiluminescence immunoassay; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; LFA, lateral flow assay; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; TPPA, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination; VDRL, Venereal Disease Reference Laboratory